Lawrence rubbed his temples. **(..)

This place in the Middle East really didn't stop at all. Mercenaries, secret conspiracy forces, and conflicts between countries, this place can't stop in a few days.

In addition, Jordan's plan has not yet taken shape, and it has temporarily frozen: because the Red Army has recently rioted again.

To be precise, it was the Red Army in the Middle East that caused trouble.

In the past few years, the Arab Red Army split and became two parts of the North African Red Army and the Middle East Red Army. The North African Red Army became a mercenary type of existence, while the Middle East Red Army became terrorists and became numerous. The country’s blacklist, in a sense, they have a better fight than the current black September.

Of course, these have nothing to do with Lawrence.

Lawrence recently invited King Long Energy Company, and then let the other party participate in this solar energy business cooperation.

After all, after Catherine acquired a group of solar energy companies, the reorganized Golden Dragon Energy Company has become the world's largest green energy company.

Solar energy is an important form of energy that the earth's organisms come into contact with. The energy that the earth obtains from the sun in one hour is more than the energy consumed by the global population in one year. If 1% of the energy obtained in the Sahara Desert can be used, it is all right to meet the global energy consumption.

Photovoltaic power generation technology originated from the monocrystalline silicon cell first successfully developed by Bell Laboratories in the United States in the 1950s. This guy who relies on the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity is like a rechargeable battery. The sun shines on the photovoltaic panel. It will cause the photoelectric effect of the pn junction in the material. The electrons are rearranged, and p is extremely positive and n is extremely negative on the photovoltaic panel. When the sunlight has finished charging the battery, connect the pn pole to the user to obtain electrical energy.

Subsequently, related industries developed rapidly, just like the Cambrian biological explosion.

But Lawrence incorrectly estimated the difficulty of this technology, which also caused some trouble to him now.

Although she knew that Miss Edson wanted to use this to develop her own technology, Lawrence also had her own plans-such a development was obviously not in Lawrence's interest.

For solar photovoltaic power generation. The solar receiver is a photovoltaic cell. Due to the influence of factors such as the purity of the pn junction in the battery (that is, the distribution of the positive and negative electrodes of the rechargeable battery), the general photoelectric conversion efficiency is only 15% to 20%.

At present, after acquiring a series of patented technologies, Catherine can be regarded as a masterpiece here. In the laboratory, the special gallium arsenide photovoltaic cell can reach about 35%.

This kind of 35% high-efficiency conversion solar cell is the goal of future development. It is estimated that it will be mass-produced within ten years...Of course, the manufacturing cost and pollution are still very high.

But this technology is better than the current one.

However, photovoltaic cells generate direct current, which needs to be converted to alternating current through an inverter to be transmitted to the grid. This inversion process will also cause a certain amount of energy loss. The conversion efficiency is reduced by 5% to 10%.

If you are not in charge, you don't know that chai rice is expensive.

Because of the low conversion rate, a higher-efficiency inverter is also needed for this.

But even so, the current maximum solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency is 30%. According to the current 16% efficiency of ordinary solar cells, the maximum efficiency is probably only about 12%.

So later. Lawrence took the lead, and they changed their plans.

When Lawrence learned that his Miss Edson was preparing to engage in an alcohol-hydrogen car, he was immediately attracted by the kind of hydrogen extraction device.

At this time, Lawrence develops, this is an opportunity!

For solar thermal power generation. The solar collector is the collector. The collected sunlight directly irradiates the surface of the heat collector (that is, the surface of each heat exchange tube), and the working medium in the heat exchange tube flows through at high speed. It absorbs the energy of solar radiation and reaches a higher temperature and pressure, thereby driving the operation of the heat engine.

The conversion of the heat energy collected by the heat collector into electric energy also needs to be equipped with a high-efficiency heat engine. The efficiency limit of this kind of heat engine is similar to that of a traditional energy heat engine. The difference is that the steam supply of the conventional steam turbine is supplied by the boiler, and the steam temperature and pressure can reach very high, which makes the maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the steam turbine reach about 35%. However, the temperature of solar thermal power generation cannot reach the calorific value of boiler combustion, so the efficiency limit with conventional steam turbines is much lower than 35%.

However, if this heat is used to decompose hydrogen, maybe it can be...?

Change the concept!

Yes, Lawrence did such a despicable thing.

The "Sun Tree" plan sounds wonderful.

But in fact, this thing is a secret exchange of concepts.

The original solar power generation technology was suddenly replaced by Lawrence as "Using solar energy to decompose to obtain hydrogen, and then using hydrogen as energy..."

Lawrence, who is unscrupulous, is not just that, he also found a Stirling engine. (1_1)

——In Verne's science fiction novel "Twenty Thousand Miles Under the Sea", the famous submarine Nordilius uses a Stirling machine as its engine.

This engine was invented by the priest Robart Sterling in London in 1816, so it was named "Sterling Engine". Stirling engines are unique heat engines because their theoretical efficiency is almost equal to the theoretical maximum efficiency, which is called the Carnot cycle efficiency. The Stirling engine generates power through gas expansion when heated and compression when cold. This is an external combustion engine that continuously burns fuel. The vaporized expanded hydrogen is used as motive gas to move the piston. The expanded gas is cooled in the cold air chamber, and this cycle is repeated.

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, the heat engine was generally a steam engine, and its efficiency was very low, only about 3% to 5%, that is, more than 95% of the heat energy was not used. By 1840, the efficiency of the heat engine had only increased to 8%. Sterling's research on the theory of thermodynamics. It is from the purpose of improving the efficiency of the heat engine. The efficiency of the Stirling cycle he proposed. Under ideal conditions, it can be improved infinitely. Of course, it is not possible to reach 100% due to actual limitations, but it provides a direction for efforts to improve thermal efficiency.

In theory, this can be a legendary technology that kills modern engine technology.

It is worth mentioning that even if it has made the limelight in science fiction, in fact, since Sterling invented the Stirling heat engine for 160 years, the Stirling machine has basically not developed much, which is a bit similar to Edison’s treatment of Tesla. The relentless suppression of alternating current. In the era when conventional steam turbines are gradually mature, the extraordinary Stirling engine has been suppressed by existing technology.

The suppressed technology was taken out. If it is taken seriously, Lawrence is likely to become the target of public criticism.

But... Lawrence has no choice.

Yes, because I overblown without paying attention, and now all countries in the Middle East see Lawrence very much. Some even called him "the new generation of Lawrence of Arabia."

Lawrence is so embarrassed not to take this title...

He was given the public's hope. Once he fails, the problems Lawrence will face are huge.

At this time, Lawrence squeezed in a series of usable technologies from Catherine and the school district, as well as everyone's brainstorming.

Lawrence didn't think so at the time. In fact, his original purpose was just to give advice to the group of people in the UAE. Act as a financial adviser by the way.

But now, they have become technical consultants!

——Lawrence is playing off.

The answer is that simple.

Although Miss Edson seemed very satisfied with the result, only Lawrence, as the player in the game, knew the difficulties of current affairs.

The UAE must install a cloud system, use the Internet, and use mobile phones.

In addition, green energy, the application of desert technology, and desalination technology are all key points.

"Why are people in the UAE so interested in solar energy?! They are oil-producing countries!"

Lawrence recently complained about this at the conference.

But Lawrence seems to have forgotten that they have fooled the UAE into believing the cb group to have a "long-term goal." So they are interested in new green energy...

Well, from the current point of view, this is solar energy.

In fact, Lawrence should be fortunate, because this is the Middle East instead of Northern Europe. Otherwise, there would be no room for development of this solar energy technology-there is not enough sunlight!

As far as photovoltaic power generation is concerned. Strong sunlight can make the photoelectric effect more obvious and increase the photoelectric conversion rate. For solar thermal power generation, the intensity of sunlight is directly related to the temperature of the collector. The higher the temperature of the collector, the steam produced The higher the working fluid saturation, the more steam can participate in driving the turbine to do work, and the efficiency will naturally be improved.

The environment in the Middle East is clearly 10,000 times better than in Northern Europe.

To this end, Lawrence even let King Long Energy come up with the technology that is still in the experiment.

In order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy and reduce the volume of solar power generation devices, on the one hand, the solar reflector must be able to track the operation of the sun, and always be able to capture and concentrate large beams of sunlight. For this reason, the "heliostat" technology was taken out, which can automatically track the movement of the sun and adjust the direction of the reflector so that the photovoltaic or photothermal conversion equipment of the unit volume can obtain as much solar energy as possible. On the other hand, in order to enhance the condensing effect of sunlight, the "concentration ratio" of the reflector should also be increased. The cost of a high-concentration mirror with heliostat function is very high, so that the cost of a heliostat still accounts for more than 40% of the construction cost of a solar power station.

"High efficiency and power generation cost are contradictions that solar power generation needs to reconcile."

——By Catherine Edson.

When Catherine met with Lawrence, she whispered about solar energy, but after returning from the United States to the Middle East, Lawrence really had a headache.

Fortunately, the countries in the Middle East have nothing but money. Therefore, with the support of these funds, King Long Energy will be able to take out the technologies that are already under development and start practicing and squandering.

Stirling heat engine is the next second. Although this technology has some applications, it is actually not enough.

The most important thing now is to obtain hydrogen energy through catalysts.

Let's look at it now. If you convert hydrogen energy. Then use hydrogen energy as a fuel, and the effect of the fuel will be even higher-even higher than direct power generation.

Based on this goal, the most important thing for Lawrence now is to develop this technology.

Of course, the most promising is hybrid power generation.

Because solar power is a very unstable existence.

But if heat and light can be applied to each other, the effect may be much better.

In normal times, solar energy is used to generate electricity, and by the way, excess energy can be stored in the chemical energy of hydrogen. When power generation becomes unstable, hydrogen is consumed and heat is generated to generate electricity. In the evening and cloudy days, such a power plant can still be used safely.

Although Lawrence is playing off, but when it's time to use it. I am also unambiguous.

"Sun Tree" uses such a concept.

"Mr. Lawrence, a gentleman named Holk is looking for you. This is his business card."

"No appointment?"

Lawrence took the business card casually, but then Lawrence was shocked.

"Invite him in!"

Holk came here soon.

"Mr. Holk, you are finally here!"

Lawrence saw the other person coming, and greeted him enthusiastically.

"Although the car is still in the process of preparation, I want to see our new technology..."

Holk also laughed.

People are forced out.

Lawrence is the same.

Miss Edson told Lawrence that an electric car factory that will use fuel cells and batteries will be built. When the customer was the Middle East, Lawrence found this fuel cell.

A fuel cell is a chemical battery that uses the energy released when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction to directly convert it into electrical energy. From this point of view, it is similar to other chemical batteries such as manganese dry batteries and lead storage batteries. However, it needs to continuously supply reactants-fuel and oxidant to it when it works, which is different from other ordinary chemical batteries. Because it converts the energy released by the fuel through a chemical reaction into electrical energy output, it is called a fuel cell.

Specifically, a fuel cell is a “generator” that uses the reverse reaction of the electrolysis of water. It consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte plate sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes. Initially, the electrolyte plate was formed by infiltrating the electrolyte into a porous plate. It is now being developed to directly use solid electrolytes.

During operation, fuel (hydrogen) is supplied to the negative electrode, and oxidant (air, the active component is oxygen) is supplied to the positive electrode. Hydrogen is decomposed into positive ions h+ and electrons e at the negative electrode. Hydrogen ions enter the electrolyte, while electrons move to the positive electrode along the external circuit. The electric load is connected to the external circuit. On the positive electrode, the oxygen in the air and the hydrogen ions in the electrolyte absorb the electrons that reach the positive electrode to form water. This is the reverse process of the electrolysis reaction of water.

Use this principle. The fuel cell can continuously transmit electricity to the outside while it is working, so it can also be called a "generator".

Engine, generator. In a sense, they are all one kind of things, but they are different in size and purpose.

Before, the catalyst decomposed the water, afterwards, it can be directly put into practical use through the fuel cell, and the effect is very good.

Traditional electrolysis reactions either require very high voltage, or the catalysts for the reaction are extremely expensive, such as platinum and ruthenium, and the smooth progress of the reaction requires a specific temperature and pressure.

Unlike Lawrence's tension, Holk has no psychological burden.

The technology of alcohol-hydrogen cars has finally achieved a breakthrough, which is one of the reasons why Holk is happy.

The waste heat hydrogen production engine device only needs to install a small **** between the methanol tank and the gasoline tank, and use the exhaust gas discharged from the automobile engine to make methanol generate a large amount of hydrogen and mixed combustion with gasoline to achieve the purpose of replacing fuel with methanol and saving fuel.

Although it is different from Catherine's original intention, the efficiency of the car can still be increased by 10% to 30%, which also meets Catherine's expected requirements.

Lawrence has also checked this technology, but unfortunately, this thing is just right for cars, but it is even more difficult to use for your own solar engine now.

There is a cheaper technology for electrolyzing water in the school district-placing electrodes made of indium and tin oxides in an aqueous solution of cobalt ions and potassium phosphate, and then passing the solar cell's current through the solution. This relatively inexpensive catalyst. The hydrolysis reaction can be achieved under mild conditions. Produce hydrogen.

A photovoltaic array with a width of 5 meters and a length of 6 meters made by this technology can decompose enough water within 4 hours to generate more than 30 kilowatt-hours of electricity.

Although it is relatively cheap, it is still an experimental technology. Although the red-eyed Lawrence booked this technology early and spent a lot of money, scientific research is not a playhouse. Maybe the following problems are trapped. This technique is over.

Of course, if it can be achieved. This advantage is obvious-this technology can use sewage and sea water. In other words, this technology can also be used to solve sewage treatment problems.

Lawrence has formulated a series of plans for this purpose:

First of all, the use of photovoltaic decomposition to generate electricity, if according to the school district experts said. The future efficiency of the Stirling heat engine can reach and exceed that of electrolyzed water, and then use hydrogen to generate electricity. Then, the Stirling heat engine will be used for power generation. After all, after solving the technical problems, the loss is still smaller in one-step conversion. .

Then, of course, electrolysis of water is needed to generate electricity, because there is still night. At night, the electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen are used in the fuel cell to generate electricity.

Finally, they can also extract the water from the reaction in the fuel cell, which is fresh water.

A department. The problem of energy and fresh water in the desert is directly solved, and the plan is absolutely perfect.

"My car factory can be established at any time, but I hope that my business can start immediately, otherwise, I will face great losses, but I can not wait too long, although I have connected a lot of past Subordinates and employees, but I don’t guarantee that they can follow me when I break my promise."

Holman came this time to give Lawrence a notice.

--of course. The threat is even greater, because the big deal is that Holman will produce alcohol-hydrogen cars. Although such alcohol-hydrogen cars do not meet Catherine’s requirements, they can still be regarded as environmentally friendly, right?

Save at least 30% of fuel, for the average person. It's very important, and I won't be able to develop in the Middle East at that time. It can still be used in the United States.

But speaking of it, the most economical is Catherine’s method, but unfortunately, similar catalysts don’t seem to be discovered as Catherine imagined...

Although sometimes Catherine's ideas are very good, not any technology can be discovered many years in advance.

In this case, accidental factors occupy a very large part.

Because of Catherine's participation, it is possible that a catalyst that was discovered by chance cannot be discovered for a lifetime.

"Maybe I should bring people from Golden Dragon Energy Company over..."

Lawrence smiled bitterly.

He thought Holk was here to share the joys and sorrows with him...

"I have contacted them, and they told me that they are preparing to develop an artificial leaf that uses artificial methods to transform photosynthesis to obtain energy-but they said that the result will have to wait until next year as soon as possible. That's it."

Imitating the photosynthesis of green plants to convert water and sunlight into energy to produce artificial leaves, this technology has been studied as early as the late 1960s.

In the early days, the products were even available.

But that does use expensive platinum metal, and the reaction can only last for less than 24 hours, so it has no commercial value at all.

But now Golden Dragon Energy is cooperating with Honeycomb Laboratory, and they are studying a way to use biological enzymes for catalysis.

However, this project is related to s protein and repair protein.

Repair proteins cannot act on plant cells, this is a previous study.

But later, a study found that when the cell wall is removed, plant cells can also be affected by this effect, which is shocking, so related research began immediately.

If all goes well, it is not impossible to use artificial means to obtain oxygen and hydrogen from plants.

Of course, it is not impossible to apply it. Related research is already technologically advanced: first, a glucose solution is extracted from plant tissues, pressurized and heated to 200 degrees Celsius, and platinum is used as a catalyst. A large number of tiny platinum particles are distributed in the aluminum chloride material with many micropores. They can decompose glucose into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a small amount of methane.

"If I can~lightnovelpub.net~ I really want to make technology leap forward 20 years immediately..."

Lawrence covered his face.

But no matter what, the established plan cannot be discarded like this.

If hydrogen is extracted from plants, it is not impossible.

Anyway, the catalyst itself will not be used, but the initial investment is higher.

In a hurry, Lawrence is ready to take this technology to the UAE.

——Well, but Catherine doesn't care much about it, at least for Catherine, this time there is finally someone who digs more pits than herself.

And this guy fell into his own pit...

...

6k words chapter, two in one...

Well, there is one more! (To be continued...)