(Don’t look — it’s miserable. I forgot that there are still two chapters today, plus yesterday, today I should write 4 chapters to have full attendance. I can only continue to do it. Stay up late to write 4 chapters, and I can’t postpone it until tomorrow — corrected A chapter!)

In the historical stage of the Three Kingdoms at the end of Han Dynasty, the three official positions of the governor, state animal husbandry, and prefecture were relatively common. For example, the Eastern Han Dynasty court once designated Sun Quan as a conqueror general and also the prefect of Kuaiji. For example, in the 14th year of Jian'an (209 AD), Sun Quanbiao Liu Bei was the governor of Jingzhou (in exchange, Liu Bei was the governor of Xuzhou). Another example is Liu Zhang (?-220 years), whose name is Jiyu, a native of Jiangxia Jingling (now Tianmen, Hubei). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he succeeded his father Liu Yan as a herd in Yizhou. That is to say, almost all of the familiar historical figures of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty held positions such as the governor, state animal husbandry, and prefect. So, the question is, which of the three official positions is greater? What's the difference?

one

First of all, in the historical stage of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, the prefecture ranks the lowest among the three official positions of the governor, state animal husbandry, and prefect. The prefect is the honorary title for the prefects from the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Jing changed his name to the prefect, and became the supreme officer of a county, that is, the prefect was responsible for all affairs of a county. In the Qin Dynasty, because there were only 36 counties, the counties at that time can be said to be equivalent to the current provinces or larger cities. However, in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, because the number of counties increased significantly, the jurisdiction of the counties was roughly the same as that of the current prefecture-level cities. It is worth noting that in the Sui Dynasty, the official post of prefect was gradually abolished. Since then, the prefect is no longer an official official name, only used as another name for the governor or prefect.

two

Correspondingly, the official position of the governor is above the prefect. According to historical records, the official post of governor began in the Western Han Dynasty. However, in the Western Han Dynasty, the governor was mainly a post of supervising officials such as the prefect. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cishi gradually became the supreme governor of a state. At that time, the territory of the Eastern Han Dynasty was divided into more than 10 prefectures. Several counties were established under the prefectures, the prefects were also prefects, and there were several counties under the prefectures. As a result, a state under the jurisdiction of the governor is equivalent to the current province, and it can be described as a major official in Xinjiang, similar to the official posts such as governor and governor in the Qing Dynasty. So, here comes the question, what does Zhou Mu do?

three

In this regard, according to historical records such as "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Emperor of Han Ling once changed the history of the governor to Zhou Mu. Compared with the governor's history, the state animal husbandry is not only the supreme governor of a state, but also controls the military power of the region. The reason for this is that the uprisings that occurred in various places in the late Eastern Han Dynasty required the governor to control a certain amount of military power in order to quell the uprising. For this reason, the Eastern Han Dynasty court changed the governor's history to state animal husbandry, and gave the state animal husbandry a certain amount of military power. Therefore, from the perspective of actual power and status, the state shepherd is higher than the governor. However, the existence of the prefecture and animal husbandry system also exacerbated the problem of the separatism of the princes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. For example, Jingzhou Mu Liubiao, Jizhou Mu Yuan Shao, Yanzhou Mu Cao Cao, Xuzhou Mu Liu Bei, etc. were all princes of one party. Finally, at the historical stage when Cao Cao, Sun Quan, and Liu Bei were the three pillars of history, the state animal husbandry (Cashier) system was implemented on a large scale. Generally speaking, if a state has a state shepherd, it usually does not establish a governor, and vice versa. For the state animal husbandry (the governor), because of the control of the military power, he often carried the rank of general. For example, Meng Jian, Zhuge Liang's friend, served as the governor of Liangzhou in the State of Wei, and also served as General Zhengdong. Another example is Cao Xiu, the clan of Cao Cao, who served as the General of Zhengdong, Yangzhou Mu, and Da Sima in Wei. In the historical stage of the Three Kingdoms, many of them have concurrently served as generals, whether it is the governor or the state animal husbandry, in order to control a certain amount of military power. And this state animal husbandry (Cashier) system had a profound influence on the feudal dynasties, such as the Jiedushi and Fanzhen separatist regimes in the Tang Dynasty. In general, for the three official positions of governor, state animal husbandry, and prefect, state animal husbandry> governor history> prefect. What do you think of this?

Text / Feeling History

Since the two official positions of Mu and Jishi have basically the same functions for a long period of time, it is sometimes easy to cause confusion.

The post of pastoralism has a very early origin. Legend has it that Shun Shi set the world as twelve states, and established state shepherds, which are called prefects. Shepherd here means management, that is, the chief executive of each state. In the Xia Dynasty, the world was Kyushu, and there were also state shepherds, whose functions were the same as those in the Shun period. In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Mu Ye was still a local governor, and Ji had served as a pastor. It should be noted that at this time, the pastor did not work in the local area, "Book of Rites." "Qu Lixia" records: The leader of Kyushu, enters the kingdom of the emperor, and is called animal husbandry. That is, people who are usually called the Eight Lives, come from a place and enter the dynasty to assist the emperor. Responsible for supervision and supervision of the princes. At the same time, from the Xia Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, there were officials such as shepherds and Muzheng in charge of animal husbandry, which was not the same as a pastor or a pastor.

The Qin Dynasty divided the world into thirty-six prefectures, and established supervisory historians to supervise each prefecture.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, this position was not established. In the third year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, he began to send Yushi to supervise the three assistants to supervise the litigation. Later, all states established supervisory Yushi. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty, because some imperial historians were unable to obey the law, in order to restrict them, he dispatched the prime minister to send out assassins to supervise and supervise imperial historians. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the prefectures were recalled and no longer set up. In the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the post of provincial governor was established to inspect the prefectures and counties. , "History" means the emperor. At that time, the governor did not deal with local government affairs, but was mainly responsible for inspecting the county guards, the system of the Han Dynasty, and the governor in charge of six things: 1. Whether the local rich and powerful households violated the ritual system and built houses together, bullied the weak with the strong, and bullied the widows by the crowd; 2. Whether the county guard adheres to the edict and obeys the code system, whether there are any violations of public to private, misinterpretation of the edict for self-profit, intrusion of the people, and accumulation of traitors; Fairy auspicious, gossip; 4. Whether the county guard is a fair selection of talents for the country; 5. Whether the county guard’s children are rampant and illegal; 6. Whether the county guard is in collusion, accepting bribes, and damaging correction orders. In the first year of Emperor Suihe of the Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Zhai Fangjin and Da Sikong He Wu played, thinking that in ancient times, the selection of talented people among the princes to serve as the ministers was also the pastor. At that time, the ministers were responsible for the duties of the ministers and evaluated the senior officials. According to the method of "Chun Qiu", the governor's official rank is only 600 shi, and the official rank is only 600 shi, but the status and responsibilities do not match, and the governor is required to stop sending the governor. Switching to Zhoumu, Emperor Han Cheng approved their opinions. In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhou Mu or Shi Shi made a tour every autumn equinox and returned to Kyoto at the beginning of the year to report. In the eleventh year of Guangwu Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhou Mu began to stationed in the place all year round and assessed officials by himself. This is the starting point for the power of state animal husbandry to increase