Chapter 2094 Flower War (2)

There is a scene in "Jin Ping Mei", once a senior official of Ximen and Uncle Wu talked about the field: "Now, in the jurisdiction of Jeju, in addition to the abandoned reed field and port, there are a total of 27,000 mu of field, each hectare of autumn tax, Xia tax only collects one tael or eight, less than five hundred taels of silver, and it will be collected at the end of the year, paid to Dongping House, and transferred to attract business, so as to prepare military supplies, horses and grass."

   "Jiaozi" appeared in Sichuan in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is similar to a bill of exchange. It is a voucher for merchants to withdraw money from other places when it is inconvenient to carry a large amount of cash on the road. With the development of commerce in the Song Dynasty, the issuance and exchange of Jiaozi became more and more, and even to the point where the payment for goods was directly paid for by Jiaozi. According to the measurement unit of the Song Dynasty, one kilogram was 16 taels, and five hundred taels of silver was 31.25 kilograms. , can such a heavy amount of money be moved by Ximen officials and Uncle Wu?

  Water Margin was written in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and Jin Pingmei was written in the late Ming Dynasty, probably during the Wanli period. Since Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty has implemented the physical economy. Even the Daming treasure banknotes were printed by the Ministry of Households. Unlike the Song Dynasty, the issuance of Jiaozi was completely handed over to the bank.

Those factory owners who asked Bolton to mint tokens would not calculate how many coins were minted in total. Similar to the Song Dynasty bank, when it issued Jiaozi, it found that it could print a little more. As long as no run occurs, there will be more running water. This will be much more convenient. It's a bit like Spain, which got a lot of silver from South America, but the money didn't make them rich.

The    trickle flows into the river and sea, eventually leading to inflation. If it is benign inflation, it is conducive to commercial development, but the development has become uncontrolled later, and the Jiaozi in the Song Dynasty has expanded from Sichuan, the initial circulation area, to Shaanxi and other places.

Qinghe County in the Water Margin should be a fictitious place name, but Wu Song became famous in Yanggu County, Shandong Province, and Wu Song fought tigers in Jingyanggang, which is located in the east of Yanggu County, Shandong. The only way for Wu Song to visit his brother.

In this way, it is very reasonable for Ximen officials and Uncle Wu to settle with silver, because the Northern Song Dynasty had strict control over Jiaozi, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, they had to deal with huge financial expenditures, including the use of troops for the northern nomads and natural disasters. Prudent financial policy is ignored. At that time, the issuance of Jiaozi had been completely reverted to Jiaozifu in Yizhou, and the over-issued banknotes had changed from the people to the government. Similar things were done by the Bourbon Dynasty, but at that time there was no gold and silver in the treasury as reserves, and land was used.

At present, the denomination of the banknotes issued by the Bank of France is 500 francs. This is mainly to pay the merchants. Once the printing machine starts printing unlimitedly, the inflation rate caused by the denomination of 500 francs can be much faster than that of the denomination of 10 livres. After all, it takes a lot faster to print a 500-franc note than to print an equivalent 10-liver note.

It is not so easy for the Bank of England to take back the coinage. In the Middle Ages, the British king regarded the coinage as part of the royal power. However, before the Normans landed, the United Kingdom was divided into at least 7 countries, and each small country had its own coinage. , when the kingship is unified, the king can close the local mint and all currency is minted in London. During the reign of Stephen of the Plantagenet Dynasty, the civil war broke out again, and the local nobles set up mints to issue currency without permission. It was not until Henry II ascended the throne to suppress the rebellion that they banned the mints they established.

Bolton also minted tons of copper coins for the East India Company. His steam minting machine really saved costs. During the Qianlong period, the cost of official coins was about 15% of the face value, which made official coins unprofitable, but private coins prevailed. .

  The competition of multiple currencies is not conducive to the implementation of monetary policy by the sovereign currency, that is to say, even if the Bank of England wants to overissue the currency, people will change to other currencies when they find that the pound has depreciated too much. This goes back to the problem at the beginning, taking back the coinage, and then there is the Rothschild sentence "As long as I can control the country's currency issuance, I don't care who is the puppet on the throne."

   In other words, whoever controls the right to issue currency is the uncrowned king. After the Salem incident, it was a Dutch orange who was elected king by the parliament at that time. The son of the tyrant James II was deprived of his inheritance. If William II did not swear according to the documents given by the parliament, they could change it. One.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was almost impossible for Ximen officials in Jin Ping Meili to negotiate with silver. Silver was a tribute in that era, and silverware and jewelry were generally made. I bought a treasured knife, and Yang Zhi sold it for 3,000 knives. How much does Erniang Sun's buns cost?

In the Song Dynasty, it was illegal to eat cows. Those "heroes" were just a few pounds of beef. In fact, the places where they ate were all rural and wild restaurants. Heroes in big cities ate beef only a few times. After all, there are many officials in the city. .

   These people are "bandits", and the senior officials of Ximen are "officials". If five hundred taels of silver are converted into copper coins, they may have to be pulled by carts. Wu Dalang, who is enough to sell cooking cakes, has been busy for several years.

Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang often used extrajudicial punishments in dealing with the corruption of officials, including peeling the real grass. Zhu Yuanzhang was once a Buddhist, and the punishment of stripping the real grass originated from the **** of Buddhism, which is a torture for the most sinful soul For example, if a magistrate accepted four hundred tick notes, he was sentenced to peeling the real grass.

Guanchao is the measurement unit of Daming treasured banknotes. The treasured banknotes are made of mulberry bark. Unlike Jiaozi, which has a reserve fund, it depends entirely on the credit of the imperial court. At the beginning, it was priced at 1,000 copper coins, or 1 tael of silver. Gold and silver trading.

  Do you believe that the mulberry bark paper is money? If you believe it, how do you know that what you got is not counterfeit?

  In less than a year, more and more people traded with gold and silver, and it was only in the Ming Dynasty that people began to negotiate with silver.

  Not only silver, but also silk, hematoxylin, and pepper were also used as currency. In the 25th year of Ming Hongwu, in 1392, Zhu Yuanzhang inspected the shipbuilding of Guanhai and other Wei in Zhejiang, and gave each shipbuilder one or two peppers. And what Zheng He brought back from his voyage to the West was not only the tributes from the vassal states, Chen Zuyi's living prisoner, but also countless peppers.

  The advantage of traveling by boat is that you don’t have to be as tired as you did on land before, and there is a kitchen on board, you can cook and eat, and their lunch is black pepper steak.

   In the afternoon they will pass by Ambretes, one of the French naval shipyards, where Bonaparte will disembark to inspect.

They are all within the territory of France within three nautical miles. Anyway, all their frigates are French warships. In fact, even if they reach the high seas, they may not encounter British warships. Some……

"asshole!"

   She was so angry that she slapped the table decorated with the snail flower and bird pattern, then covered her head, so annoyed that she wanted to jump into the sea.

   She blushed with shame and seemed to be burning from her toes.

   After scolding, I thought, no, he's not an asshole

   "Bad thing!" she cursed again.

  Unfortunately, she was the only one in the cabin at this time, and the one who was scolded by her was blowing on the deck.

   This time he was not as seasick as he was when he left Marseille to Egypt last time, and he was still in the mood to enjoy the coastal scenery.

   After all, this time is different from the past, and it is now peaceful.

   (end of this chapter)