Chapter 569 "Reinforcement from the Cliff"

In the Song Dynasty, there was once a famous poet Ouyang Xiu. He wrote such an argumentative essay called Clan Theory. This is how he understood cronies:

  The remarks about cronies have been there since ancient times, just hope that the monarch can distinguish whether they are gentlemen or villains.

  It is a natural rule that a gentleman and a gentleman become friends because of the same interests, while the villains become friends because of the same interests. But the minister thought: villains have no crony, only gentlemen have. What is the reason for this? What the villain loves and greed is salary money. When they have the same interests, it is false to collude with each other temporarily and become friends; when they see the interests and vie for the first, or when the interests are exhausted and their friendship is indifferent, they will in turn harm each other, even if they are brothers and relatives. Will not protect each other. Therefore, it is false to say that the villains have no cronies, and they become cronies temporarily. This is not the case with gentlemen: they insist on morality, fulfill loyalty, and cherish fame. Use these to improve self-cultivation, then the same interests can complement each other. Use these to do things for the country, then we can move forward together with the same views. Consistently, this is the crony of a gentleman. Therefore, as a monarch, as long as he can repel the villain’s fake cronies and enter the gentleman’s true cronies, then the world can be stabilized.

It is difficult for Pomona to describe in words what it was like when Severus, who was not good at talking, talked with people very happily. This is different from Quirrell’s flattering and constant flattery, but everybody discusses the world in a decent way. The situation, it looks like everyone is a person of insight.

London is not only a financial city, but also a political center. Chang'an a thousand years ago, Beijing a thousand years later, two hundred years from Washington DC, two hundred years later, New York, men like this. They like to talk about "big things in the world". I don't seem to talk about it. The topic seems to be shallow.

They look like "friends". The "crimes" are the most informed. There is a lot of "inside information" that has begun to spread from the upper level. After each general election, the average real estate price rises as a rule, because the people will treat themselves The elected party is confident and optimistic about the economic prospects.

   "Three fires for new officials to take office", various measures and reforms will also be implemented, but it is unknown how long this situation can last.

Compared with the speculative market in the United States, the real estate market in the United Kingdom fluctuates very little, and it has been following a steady route, with a rise and fall of only a few percentage points. The United States has often caused cliff-like declines in several crises, but the price of food in the United Kingdom fluctuates greatly. It is only because the United Kingdom does not use the "constant liquidation" system like the United States, and also because "capital is the highest power of the United Kingdom."

The separation of powers is as brilliant as the sun god. Britain is a cabinet system. Parliament has the "right to fall the cabinet" and the cabinet also has the "right to dissolve the parliament." The cabinet is supervised by the parliament. If the parliament does not trust the cabinet, it can fall. 1815 From 1846 to 1846, the Corn Law was enforced to "protect" British farmers and landlords from competition from imported grains from foreign countries with lower production costs. It stipulates that domestic grains can only be imported when the average price of domestically produced grain reaches or exceeds a certain limit. Its purpose is to protect the interests of the land nobles. Before the parliamentary reform, the land noble Tory party controlled the election of parliament members. Even after the Parliamentary Reform in 1832, the Bourgeois Whig Party formed a cabinet, the Corn Law still has not been abolished, and the capitalists only peacefully weakened the aristocratic conservative forces. In that era, "agriculture was the root of all wealth". This and later Capital is inconsistent with the highest power.

  The Chinese thought that the closed-door country caused the failure of the Opium War. In fact, the closed-door country was beneficial to trade protection from a certain angle, and it also made the United Kingdom ignorant of the situation in China.

  According to the relevant laws of the United Kingdom, all bills passed by the Parliament will be recorded on a parchment scroll and submitted to the Parliamentary Archives for permanent preservation.

"From April 7, 1840, the House of Commons of the British Parliament... After three days of debate, the cabinet's proposal was passed by a small majority of 271 votes to 262." This is the mainstream of China regarding the outbreak of the Opium War between China and Britain in 1840. The view is that the British Parliament determined the outbreak of the war. However, the original archives of the British Parliament rejected this claim.

On April 9, 1840, the British Parliament passed a bill of 271 votes to 262 to launch the Opium War against China, and it was replaced by a bill of no confidence in the British government that was rejected with 271 votes against 262 votes. .

  According to the minutes of the meeting, on April 7, 1840, the parliamentary opposition Tory Party filed a case of no confidence against the British government by using the Whigs and then the British Foreign Secretary Henry Temple’s multiple diplomatic mistakes. The Tory Party accused Palmerston of lack of vision and incomplete thinking on China policy, failed to give proper instructions or available powers to the then British Business Supervisor in China, and failed to control the illegal opium trade. William Glaston, a member of the Tory Party and the initiator of the no-confidence case, pointed out in the debate that one-sixth of the fiscal revenue of Britain and India depends on trade with China, so China is very important. He pointed out that Britain knows too little about China, just based on the knowledge of a port, "isn't it wiser to trade with such a nation than to argue with them?"

  The entire debate lasted for three days, but before this parliamentary debate, the cabinet had ordered the Indian fleet to reinforce China and organize the Eastern Expeditionary Force. At the time of the parliamentary debate, the Yilu fleet was already on its way to China. The British Parliament did not approve the Chinese Expeditionary Army's military appropriation until July 27, 1840 after the outbreak of the war. Before the parliament agreed to allocate funds, it was the Indian and Chinese Association that paid for the military expenses of the expedition. This association has 109 members and large companies that have close interests in India and China, including import and export trade, shipping, finance and other giants from all walks of life. The chairman of the association is Labend, a member of the Whig Party in the House of Commons. This association often keeps in touch with relevant ministries, especially the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to provide intelligence and incitement to war. When the news that Lin Zexu ordered foreign businessmen to pay cigarettes reached London, the British "bourgeoisie" set off a clamor for war. The landlords headed by the Tory Party did not support war.

This is not because they love peace, but because they want to tear down the Whig Party. William Lamb stepped down in August 1841 and was replaced by Robert Peel, who reformed the British criminal law during his tenure as the Secretary of the Interior. The first well-trained police team in London was formed, and these police officers were nicknamed "Bobby".

  After the reform law passed in 1832, conservatives were hit hard in the subsequent general elections. Although Peel himself won, his Conservative Party only has more than 100 members.

The young Whig party is flexible, extreme, and full of adventurism. In recent years, Britain has been very turbulent. It may indeed be that too many reforms have been carried out in a short period of time. Almost a year, one or even two prime ministers have been changed. William IV decided to slow the pace of reforms, Peel imposed income taxes, reorganized the Bank of England, and initiated reforms in Ireland. These were all fine, but when the Irish famine broke out, he supported the reduction of import tariffs and the abolition of the Corn Law led to the downfall of his cabinet.

  According to game theory, the party that is center-left or center-right has a high chance of winning the election, but when "extreme situations" occur, the odds of victory for the center are not so high.

  For example, a straight man, he likes military uniforms, he cannot accept neutral clothes, and he rejects homosexuality. It’s okay when he’s alone. When they form a group, they laugh at boys who are too gentle. Hefpaff’s boys are often bullied by Slytherin’s bad boys, and they will appear to be bullied in order not to be bullied. Very "man", together repelling homosexuality.

  The late blight that broke out in Ireland in 1845 frustrated Peel’s efforts to alleviate the Irish problem. The potato harvest in Ireland was unsuccessful, leaving residents short of staple food. Approximately 3 million poor people who depend on potatoes for their livelihoods need cheap food imports. Peel demanded the abolition of this tax on the grounds that the food import tax was uselessly increasing food imports to solve the crisis in Ireland. Richard Cobden also called for the abolition of the food import tax.

  Peel submitted three bills to Parliament in 1846. The first bill plans to completely abolish food import taxes in three years. The second bill is to reduce all tariffs. The third bill is a coercive measure to protect property and life in Ireland. The first two bills were passed, and the third bill was opposed by a coalition of tax users, extremists, Whigs, and the Irish.

  In Peel's view, politics is essentially the exercise of morality. This fact makes him different from Wellington, Melburn, and Palmerston.

  Extreme individualism is the thought and behavior of taking extreme measures to achieve certain goals of individuals or a small group of people at all consequences.

  People are selfish, but extreme individualism is absolutely harmless.

  After the Irish famine, there was a financial panic, and the purchase of grains from Russia and the United States caused a large outflow of gold. As a result, there was a wave of bank runs on deposits in 1847.

The Prime Minister, Lord John, who succeeded Peel, knew nothing about finances. He and Prince Albert approached Peel. Peel explained the role of the banking law to both of them. At this time, the charter movement set off a climax and held a rally in Kensington Common in London. A huge demonstration. At this critical moment, Sir George Gray, the Secretary of the Interior, was very composed. Wellington promised to give the Charterers ample opportunity to abscond. The authorities recruited 170,000 police officers, and the army remained loyal to the government.

  Before the Second Opium War, the situation in Britain was already very bad. Launching an external war can shift internal conflicts. The difference between the two wars is 20 years. At that time, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was slow and dull, like a person who had just awakened from a big dream, and did not form an effective coping strategy. The British government’s response was also very slow. If a hospital is to be built, it may take seven years to approve the decision. But young people The bourgeoisie is not only flexible but also understands the situation in the Qing Dynasty. Like the current overseas Chinese and gangs, they have penetrated into all classes in Britain and the United States. Whether it is underworld or white, the whole world knows that Chinese can do business and are very rich. In this country where capital is the supreme power, who would ignore the opinions of the Chinese?

  Infighting exists in every country. Japan’s economic collapse in the 1990s was related to the infighting between the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of Japan. This is what the men who ate with Pomona are now talking about.

  Mie Yeyasu wanted to reform the domestic economy, but he was obstructed by conservatives.

  The Ministry of Finance is a central government financial institution that existed in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until 2000. The "advanced thinking" of the Meiji Restoration period was very outdated in the 20th century, and the officials of the Ministry of Tibet thought that by controlling interest rates, they would be able to control the economy.

  The “yen princes” of the Central Bank of Japan want to stand on their own and no longer continue to be under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, but that is not so easy to do.

The Plaza Accord, whether Japan actively agreed to increase the exchange rate or forced by the Americans, is an out-and-out traitorous act. It hurts domestic enterprises that have export trade. In the past, they shouted "respect the king and fight the barbarian" and dared to carry out assassinations in Kyoto. There are no more reformers, and only a group of submissive bureaucrats are left.

After the real estate bubble burst, the Ministry of Finance once planned to save the domestic economy by adjusting the exchange rate, that is, to depreciate the yen, but at that time the yen was already internationalized. Britain and the United States would not sit back and watch Japan’s economic rise again. China also took advantage of this time. To avenge the revenge, the market quickly digested how much yen Japan sold. Not only did the Ministry of Finance not let the yen depreciate, it even allowed the yen to appreciate, which is even more detrimental to the domestic economy. That "sniper war" There is "all-in-one assistance" from Chinese businessmen in London.

  It is far from enough to stir up the foreign exchange market with billions of dollars, but after accumulating less and more, even a drop of water will become an ocean.

The competition between the Central Bank of Japan and the Ministry of Finance and Economics ended with the victory of the Central Bank. The Ministry of Finance was finally dissolved and the central bank gained independence. However, after experiencing great ups and downs, ordinary Japanese people can no longer afford such big risks and no longer consume and lend easily. Invested.

No matter how the subsequent Japanese government stimulates consumption, adjusting interest rates won’t work. After all, everyone wants to save money for old age, but sometimes they can find bundles of cash in the trash can, which are saved by the elderly. But he died in the house alone. A few weeks later, the body stinks and was discovered. The people who came to collect the body didn't even know that there was so much money hidden in his relics, so they were disposed of as rubbish.

  Mie Yeyasu did not care about what ordinary civilians think when he competed with the Japanese government. He finally achieved his personal goal, but sacrificed the interests of ordinary people.

  He raised interest rates when he took office, and he deliberately left a bubble for the public because of the long-term low interest rates. The bubble created inequality between the rich and the poor, which allowed him to gain public support.

The province of Tibet raised interest rates twice before he took office, and raising interest rates again was a suicide. So the province restricted window guidance, especially real estate loans, and began to collect real estate taxes. This accelerated the bursting of the bubble and eliminated real estate." "Money printing machine" (derived currency), Japan's currency growth rate fell sharply in 1991, and the money lent by banks became bad debts that could not be collected. The Japanese went from accustomed to spending money and spending money on food and clothing in an instant. The gap was so great that many people could not bear it. The suicide rate rose and a large number of young adults died.

  These people are the "engines" of the Japanese economy. Without them, Japan will rely on the elderly and children to promote domestic demand, but the children have become "heisei waste", and the elderly have little energy.

  If many people pay back the bad debts, it will not be so hard to pay back. The bad debts are large and the population is small, and it will be more difficult to pay back. Interest rates are just the cost of money. Without loans, everything is in vain. Mie Yeyasu obeyed the order of the Ministry of Finance to cut interest rates, but the base currency issuance rights are still in the hands of the central bank. Crisis is often accompanied by deflation, and even banks have no money. Money will cause a series of domino effects. The solution at this time is quantitative easing, which increases the supply of base money through the purchase of treasury bonds and other medium- and long-term bonds, and injects a large amount of liquidity into the market.

  But Mie Yeyasu did not do that.

  Structural reforms may cause temporary deflation, but they can later exchange for a more efficient economy.

Of course the central bank can print money, but if you do so, everyone will not have the motivation to reform. The Japanese are so unsuccessful that they kill themselves and become benevolent. It is really unbearable. The Ministry of Finance lowers interest rates to save the market because there is no money to borrow. But the smoke disappeared, and the people lost their trust in the province. In the mid to late 1990s, bribery scandals in the province frequently broke out in the media. The province became a vent for the people’s emotions. Therefore, the central bank put forward the request for "independence". The passive province of Tibet had nothing to do and had to give in. It was dismantled in 2000.

  In other words, it means that the gods fight and kill the pond fish. The ordinary people do nothing but become the stepping stone for some people to reach the top.

  Pomona can understand what they are talking about, but she really does not want to participate in their topic, just eat food.

  Compared with capitalist society, New China is a workers’ party, and capital is not the supreme power.

  This time the London Chinatown demonstrations, the embassy still expressed their support: if the British government and real estate agents put forward unreasonable conditions for overseas Chinese, then Britain will lose part of its trade.

  The world is so big and there are so many suppliers. British industrial products can also be produced in Japan, so why bother to go near and far?

  It’s not a hundred years ago. The Muggle Prime Minister has already sent troops to Iraq regardless of public opinion. If he wants to "behave first and then play," as in the Opium War, I am afraid it will be difficult to do so in the information age.

  Furthermore, can Britain beat China?

  Pomona peeked at the young man next to Mr. Lin while eating. Asians generally looked very young. He and Harry were about the same age when they participated in the Battle of Hogwarts.

  Only under this kind of hearing and seeing, it is very difficult for him to think of being an ordinary person.

  A parent who discusses what to eat for the next meal cannot teach a son who is a talented person. The table topic of the Lin family is about the Japanese economic and financial crisis and the game between the central bank and the government.

  However, it is those ordinary people who are driving the development of the times.

  Even if they are destined to be stepping stones, they can choose whose stepping stones they are.

  To this day, people still miss Robert Peel. The once acclaimed Mie Yeyasu is called "the ghost of Heisei."

  Mature existence, the door of morality and justice.

   Lips die and teeth are cold.

  The battle of Changping King Qi just didn't understand this truth, even if Jixia Academy had lost the world.

  Faced with the potential danger, Pomona did not say anything.

   Just as Zhang Tao said, the East and the West are like Bengal tigers and juveniles, and no one can live without them.

  So she put her energy on the table full of delicious food, anyway, she is a Hefpaff who only knows to eat, and she is still a woman, who cares what she thinks?

  　 I hope that this time the United Nations will not regard China as an epidemic-affected country. Blessed by our ancestors, everyone will survive safely. I also hope that everyone will not discriminate against the people in Wuhan. Not everyone may be infected. Let’s calm down through this disaster. By the way, has anyone noticed the exchange rate?

  　　

  　

  (End of this chapter)