【I have a store in the world of American manga】【】

Chapter 061 Working Principle

In 1842, Florida doctor John Gorrie (John Gorrie) completed the new building with compression and central air conditioning.

Alfred Wolff, an engineer in Hoboken, New Jersey, who helped design the new air-conditioning system and migrated the technology from textile mills to commercial buildings, is considered one of the pioneers in making work environments cooler.

In late 1902, the first modern, electrically powered air conditioning system was invented by Willis Carrier (1876-1950).

The difference between its design and Wolff's design is that it not only controls the temperature, but also controls the humidity of the air to improve the quality of the production process in a printing factory in Brooklyn, New York.

This technology provides a low heat and humidity environment, making the paper area and ink alignment more accurate.

Later, Carrier's technology began to be used in the workplace to improve production efficiency, and the Carrier Engineering Company was established in 1915 to meet the surge in demand.

Gradually, air conditioning has been used to improve comfort in homes and cars.

Sales of residential air conditioning systems didn't really take off until the 1950s.

Built in 1906, the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland, has special significance in architectural engineering and is known as the world's first air-conditioned building.

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina, USA was looking for ways to increase the air humidity in his Southern textile mills. Cramer named the technology air conditioning and applied for a patent that same year as an alternative to water conditioning.

Water conditioning was a well-known procedure at the time, which made the production of textiles easier.

He combined moisture with ventilation systems to "condition" and transform the air in factories, controlling the all-important air humidity in textile mills.

Willis Carrier took the name and put it into the name of the company he founded in 1907: "Gallia Air Conditioning Company of America" ​​(now Carrier Company).

In 1915, Carrier founded a company that was one of the largest air conditioning companies in the world.

But 20 years after the invention of air conditioning, it has always been machines, not people.

Until 1924, in a shopping mall in Detroit, many people often fainted due to the hot weather, and first installed three central air conditioners, which was a great success. The cool environment greatly increased people's desire for consumption. It has become a powerful tool for businesses to attract customers, and the era of air conditioners serving people has officially arrived.

Air conditioners are divided into single-cooling air conditioners and dual-purpose air conditioners for cooling and heating. The working principle is the same. Most of the refrigerants used in air conditioners before are Freon.

The characteristic of Freon is that when it changes from gaseous state to liquid state, it releases a large amount of heat.

When changing from a liquid state to a gas state, a large amount of heat will be absorbed. (That is, first absorb heat and gasify, then liquefy and release heat) the air conditioner is designed according to this principle.

The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then sends it to the condenser (outdoor unit) to dissipate heat and becomes a liquid refrigerant at room temperature and high pressure, so the outdoor unit blows out hot air.

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Then it goes to the capillary tube and enters the evaporator (indoor unit). Since the space suddenly increases and the pressure decreases after the refrigerant reaches the evaporator from the capillary tube, the liquid refrigerant will vaporize and become a gaseous low-temperature refrigerant, thereby absorbing a large amount of refrigerant. When the heat is released, the evaporator will become cold, and the fan of the indoor unit blows the indoor air through the evaporator, so the indoor unit blows out cold air.

When the water vapor in the air encounters the cold evaporator, it will condense into water droplets and flow out along the water pipe, which is why the air conditioner will produce water.

When heating, there is a part called a four-way valve, which makes the flow direction of the refrigerant in the condenser and evaporator opposite to that during cooling, so when heating, the outdoor blows cold air, and the indoor unit blows hot air.

In fact, it is the principle of heat dissipation during liquefaction (change from gas to liquid) and heat absorption during vaporization (change from liquid to gas) learned in junior high school physics.

Central air conditioning refrigeration principle:

Liquid vaporization refrigeration uses the heat absorption when the liquid evaporates and the exothermic effect when it condenses to achieve refrigeration. Liquid vaporizes to form steam.

When the liquid (refrigerant) is in a closed container, there is no other gas in the container except the liquid and the vapor generated by the liquid itself, and the liquid and vapor will reach equilibrium at a certain pressure. The gas is called saturated steam, the pressure is called saturation pressure, and the temperature is called saturation temperature.

When the liquid is in equilibrium, the liquid is no longer vaporized. At this time, if a part of the steam is removed from the container, the liquid must continue to vaporize to produce a part of the steam to maintain this balance.

When a liquid vaporizes, it absorbs heat, which is called the latent heat of vaporization.

The latent heat of vaporization comes from the cooled object, making the cooled object colder.

In order for this process to continue, the vapor must be continuously drawn from the container, condensed into a liquid, and then returned to the container.

If the steam extracted from the container is directly condensed into a liquid, the temperature of the cooling medium required is lower than the evaporation temperature of the liquid. We hope that the condensation of the steam is carried out at normal temperature, so the pressure of the steam needs to be increased to normal temperature. saturation pressure.

The refrigerant will evaporate at low temperature and low pressure, resulting in cooling effect; and condense at normal temperature and high pressure, releasing heat to the surrounding environment or cooling medium.

After steam is condensed at room temperature and high pressure, it becomes a high-pressure liquid ~lightnovelpub.net~ It also needs to be reduced to the evaporation pressure before it can enter the container.

The liquid vaporization refrigeration cycle is composed of four processes: vaporization of working fluid, steam pressurization, high-pressure steam condensation, and high-pressure liquid depressurization.

Central air conditioning heating principle:

The compressor **** low-pressure gas and compresses it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature gas passes through the heat exchanger to increase the water temperature, and at the same time, the high-temperature gas will condense into liquid.

The liquid enters the evaporator for evaporation. (The evaporator also needs a heat exchange medium. According to the heat exchange medium, the model structure of the machine is also different. The commonly used ones are air-cooled and ground source.) The liquid changes after passing through the evaporator. into low-pressure low-temperature gas, and the low-temperature gas is sucked into the compressor again for compression.

In this way, the circulating water on the air conditioner side becomes hot water at about 45-55 degrees.

The hot water is sent to the room that needs to be heated through the pipeline, and the room is equipped with a fan coil to exchange heat between the hot water and the air to achieve the purpose of heating.

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How the water system works:

The water-cooled central air conditioner consists of four major components, a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The refrigerant circulates through the above four major components in turn. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the refrigerant (refrigerant) from the compressor flows through the condenser. Lower the temperature and lower the pressure.

The condenser takes the heat to the cooling tower through the cooling water system to discharge, and the refrigerant continues to flow through the throttling device to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid, flows through the evaporator, absorbs heat, and is then compressed.

 …

to be continued

Chapter 062