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Chapter 042 Summary of Luoyang History

In addition, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, built a hundred-foot building in the northwest corner of Luoyang City.

Cao Wei also thickened the north wall of the old city of the Eastern Han Dynasty to about 30 meters, and built horse faces on the northern section of the west wall and the outside of the north wall, and rebuilt the Taixia Gate. The intention may be to strengthen the defense of the palace city.

The formation of a complete protection system such as high platforms, city walls, horse faces, and moats in the city marks its maturity.

Since then, we can summarize the history of Luoyang.

In the first year of Zhou Wuwang - 1046 BC, the Western Zhou Dynasty began to build a capital in Luoyang in order to control the eastern region.

Zeng moved the recalcitrant people of Yin to Chengzhou, and supervised them with the eight divisions of Chengzhou.

In the first year of King Ping of Zhou - 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved to Luoyi, which was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

In the first year of King Zhuangxiang of Qin in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty - 249 BC -, the State of Qin established Sanchuan County in Luoyang, and the county was ruled into Zhoucheng.

From the third year to the 25th year of Gengshi in the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu made Luoyang his capital and changed Luoyang to Luoyang.

From the first year of Han Chuping to 190, Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to move the capital to Chang'an, burned Luoyang palaces, temples and people, and the prosperous Luoyang city was completely destroyed.

From the first year of Wei Yankang to 220, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, made Luoyang his capital, changed Luoyang to Luoyang, and set up the Sili Xiaowei Department.

From the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty to 265, when the Western Jin Dynasty replaced the Wei Dynasty, Luoyang was still the capital.

From the fifth year of Zhao Yongjia to 311 years ago, Liu Cong led his army into Luoyang and burned the city.

From the second year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 436, the Northern Wei Dynasty established Luozhou in Luoyang.

From the eighteenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang.

From the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 495, a large-scale construction of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty began, including the palace city, inner city, and outer Guocheng.

From the third year of Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 534, the Northern Wei Dynasty fell, and Luoyang City was reduced to ruins.

Summary:

In the hundreds of years when the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, and Northern Wei Dynasty successively established the tripod, the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties experienced two major changes in the development process.

One is the construction of Luoyang official during the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, and a small city with the nature of a palace—Jinyong City was built in the northwest corner of the big city.

The second is to build Waiguo City and build 320 squares during Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

These two constructions, especially the latter, not only have great significance in the history of Chinese capital construction, but also established the current scale of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties: it is divided into three layers of city circles: the palace city, the inner city and the outer city.

According to modern archaeological surveys, Luoyang at that time covered an area of ​​100 square kilometers and was the largest capital city in the world at that time.

Emperor Xiaowen (Hong), Emperor Xuanwu (Ge), Emperor Xiaoming (Xu), Emperor Xiaozhuang (Ziyou), Emperor Jiemin (Gong) and Emperor Xiaowu (Xiu) in the Northern Wei Dynasty took Luoyang as their capital for a total of 42 years.

After that, during the time of Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he dispatched troops to overhaul the Luoyang Palace, and sent 40,000 soldiers on a regular basis.

The Six Mansions of Yecheng were moved to Luoyang, and the Taixue Shijing, which was originally moved to Ye, was moved back to Luoyang.

According to the "Book of Zhou·Xuandi Ji": "Its scale is magnificent, surpassing the Han and Wei Dynasties."

However, due to the short time, none of them were completed.

When the Sui Dynasty unified the country, Luoyang City in the Han Wei Dynasty, which was abandoned due to the fall of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was dilapidated. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty opened a new site in Luoyang and built the eastern capital Luoyang on a large scale.

The existing plan of the Guocheng outside the Luoyang city in the Han and Wei Dynasties is rectangular, and the south city wall was destroyed by water due to the northward movement of Luoyang. The north, east and west walls are well preserved.

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Some sections are about 5-7 meters above the ground.

Including Jinyong City in the northwest corner, the north wall is about 3,700 meters long and 25-30 meters wide; the west wall is about 4,290 meters long and 20 meters wide; the east wall is about 3,895 meters long and 14 meters wide.

The circumference of the city is 14 kilometers.

The city wall was built with rammed earth, and the traces of the pinholes of the boards still exist. Piers and abutments protruding out of the city were also found on some of the city walls. There are 4 piers in the north section of the west wall and 3 piers in the east section of the north wall.

The distance between the piers and abutments is 110-120 meters, which is similar to the "horse face" built by the city walls of later generations.

There are remains of the moat on the outside of the city wall.

The Wai Guocheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty was completely destroyed, and a small number of rammed earth walls of the Nanguo City remain.

Changhe Gate is the main gate of the palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The gate site is located at the northern end of Tongtuo Street, the central axis of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The gate site is rectangular, 44 meters from east to west, and 24 meters from north to south.

The structure of the city gate is complex. The east gate and west gate are built in front of both sides of the gate, which are symmetrical from east to west. The distance between the two towers is more than 40 meters. The two towers are 19 meters long and 6 meters wide.

Between the east and west towers, there are three doorways juxtaposed from east to west. Each doorway is 4.8 meters wide and 8.6 to 8.8 meters deep.

Changhemen is majestic and majestic. It is a palace-style building with seven rooms wide and three doorways.

This is the earliest gate gate of the palace city discovered so far, which opened the precedent of the double gates in front of the main gate of the Luoyang palace city in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, including the Yingtian Gate and even the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City.

The shape, structure and construction technology of the Changhe gate will undoubtedly have important academic value for the study of the unique gate system in ancient China.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the main palaces in the city were the South Palace and the North Palace. Cao Wei and Western Jin did not change much.

A separate palace city was established during the Northern Wei Dynasty. The palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty is located in the north-central part of the city, with a length of 1,398 meters from north to south and a width of 660 meters from east to west, accounting for about one-tenth of the total area of ​​the city. It is the most important central building area.

The south, east, and west gates of the palace city have been found. The south gate is also called the Changhe Gate. The gate is about 46 meters wide. There are thick rammed earth gates on both sides of the gate, which are majestic in shape.

The East Gate Yunlongmen is opposite to the Ximen God Humen.

There is a large rammed earth platform in the west of the palace city, 100 meters long from east to west, 60 meters wide from north to south, and about 4 meters above the ground. It should be the site of Taiji Temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In other parts of Miyagi, more than 20 rammed earth foundations ~lightnovelpub.net~ are also found as palace remains.

The ruins of Jinyong City are located in the northwest corner of the inner city of Luoyang Ancient City in the Han and Wei Dynasties, in the northeast of Zhaiquan Village, Mengjin County today.

There are a total of three small towns connected together. From north to south, they are A, B, and C. The plane is slightly in the shape of "Mu", with a length of about 1,048 meters from north to south, and a width of about 255 meters from east to west, with a total area of ​​about 260,000 square meters. .

According to archaeological excavations, the three small cities of Jinyong City A, B and C were built and added in different periods. They were first built by Emperor Cao Wei and Ming Dynasty. They are the commanding heights of the whole city in terms of defense. They are easy to defend and difficult to attack, and their military role is very obvious.

After that, it was more used as a place where the abolished emperors, abandoned concubines were kept in confinement, or the palace where the emperor lived temporarily.

The Yongning Temple Pagoda is located in the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties. The temple site is only one mile away from the Qianmen Gate of the Palace City in the north and Tongtuo Street, the central axis of Luoyang City, in the east.

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The landmark building in the temple is the nine-story Yongning Temple Pagoda.

In the first year of Xiping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (516), the 6-year-old Xiaoming Emperor Yuanxu came to the throne, and his mother, the Empress Dowager Hu, came to the court and actually controlled the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In the frenzy of princes and nobles scrambling to pay homage to Buddha at that time, she initiated the establishment of the royal temple Yongning Temple.

The Taixue site is divided into two parts, the east and the west, with the east covering more than 30,000 square meters and the west also covering about 20,000 square meters.

 …

to be continued

Chapter 043