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Chapter 045

"Sacrificing to heaven and earth" emerged as the times require, from the very beginning of offering sacrifices in the countryside to offering sacrifices to famous mountains and rivers, among which "Mount Tai Fengchan is the most representative.

But in any case, there is still a question that cannot be escaped.

"How did this seemingly simple and clear ceremony become a magical and grand ceremony for the emperors of all dynasties, and what is the mystery in it?"

Since the publication of "Historical Records: The Book of Fengchan", the theory that Fengchan began with Qin Shihuang is almost conclusive, but Ma Duanlin in the Southern Song Dynasty directly denounced the theory of "seventy-two schools" as "confucianism's opinion" and "it is not recorded in poems and books, it is not true ".

And it is precisely Sima Qian who wrote clearly at the beginning of "Book of Fengchan", that the Fengchan Grand Ceremony "has been far away for more than a thousand years, and the nearer ones have been hundreds of years.

It should be noted that "Book of Fengchan" has a very special meaning for Sima Qian: his father Sima Tan was unable to practice Zen with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty due to illness.

"Today, the son takes over the reign of a thousand years old, seals Mount Tai, and the rest are not allowed to follow. This is the fate! The fate of the husband." ("Preface to Tai Shigong")

Can this remark not make Sima Qian engraved in his heart, pick and choose the historical materials of Fengchan, and go "with all his energy and thought"?

What's more, Sima Qian engaged in his "famous mountain career" completely relying on the spiritual power of "heavier than Mount Tai" as a prisoner, so he dared not slack off in the writing of Mount Tai's Zen.

Due to various reasons, he failed to make a clear description of the origin of Feng Chan, but Sima and his son's exploration and affirmation of this issue were unmistakable. Ignoring this fact, should it be regarded as "confucianism"?

If you don't hold preconceived prejudices, it is not difficult to see the predecessors trace the origin of Feng Chan.

The old Confucius who tirelessly pursued the rituals of the Zhou Dynasty and took "restraining oneself and returning to the rituals" as his mission all his life, once traveled to Mount Tai to find the remains of the great rituals of Zen.

"Guan Yi's surname can be obtained by the king, but there are more than 70 people who can be counted, and those who cannot be counted are tens of thousands." ("Han Shi Wai Zhuan")

Even when teaching the Six Arts to his disciples, he said embarrassingly: "It's hard to describe the etiquette of his Zudou, and it's hard to explain it." Regrettably, he left a blank.

Guan Zi, who was more than 500 years earlier than Sima Qian, once talked about Feng Chan. Unfortunately, the "Feng Chan Pian" in the book "Guan Zi" has long been lost.

And it preserves a precious historical material about the origin of Feng Chan:

"Duke Huan of Qi was overlord, and he met the princes in Kuiqiu, and wanted to enshrine Zen. Guan Zhong said: In ancient times, there were seventy-two families who enshrined Mount Tai Chan and the father of Liang, but Yiwu reported that there were two out of ten. In the past, there was no Huai family who enshrined Mount Tai. Zen and so on ;

Xunxi seals Mount Tai, Zen and so on;

Shennong sealed Mount Tai, Zen and so on;

Emperor Yan sealed Taishan, Zen and so on;

The Yellow Emperor sealed Mount Tai, the Zen Pavilion;

Zhuanxu sealed Mount Tai, Zen and so on;

Emperor Ku seals Mount Tai, Zen and so on;

Yao granted Mount Tai Zen and so on, Shun granted Mount Tai, Zen and so on;

Yu Feng Taishan, Zen Kuaiji;

Tang Feng Taishan, Zen and so on;

King Cheng of Zhou conferred Mount Tai, the head of the Zen club: all were ordered to confer Zen. "

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It is recorded in "Road History" that Chi You, a descendant of Emperor Yan, "Xing Feng Chan", also reveals the news of the origin of Feng Chan.

All the above statements show the vertical system of the origin of Feng Chan. Although it legally constitutes a letter of history, it has important reference value.

What is the actual meaning of Feng Chan?

Han Dynasty Ban Gu's "Baihu Tongyi" said: "The king is ordered, and the surname rises, and he must be promoted to Mount Tai. What? The righteousness of the teaching. When the order is first received, the system should be restructured to meet the sky, the world is peaceful, and things become Zen, so as to tell peace. also."

"Five Classics Tongyi" said: "Heaven's destiny is king, so that all people can live, tell peace to heaven, and repay the merits of all gods."

That is to say, Feng Chan seems to be purely for political purposes, to express that the emperor was ordered by the king to declare peace to heaven, to express his gratitude for his protection, and of course to report how outstanding the emperor's political achievements are.

According to historical records, the first emperor of Taishan Fengzen was Qin Shihuang.

In the twenty-eighth year of Qin Shihuang (219 BC), that is, the third year after the unification of the six kingdoms, the first emperor visited the prefectures and counties in the east. More than 70 Confucian doctors went to the "No. 1 mountain in the world" - under Mount Tai, to discuss the ceremony of enshrining Zen, to show that they were ordered by heaven when they became emperor.

The arguments of Confucian scholars are different and difficult to implement.

So the first emperor made his own ritual system, repaired the mountain roads, climbed from the sun of Mount Tai, performed the ceremony of ascending at the top of Dai, and erected stones to praise virtue, borrowed the original Qin State's ceremony to worship God Yong, and enshrined Taishan and Zen Liangfu, and carved stones to praise Qin. Germany.

The eulogy says:

"When the emperor came to the throne, he formulated laws and regulations, and his ministers revised them.

Twenty-six years ago, at the beginning of the annexation of the world, no one refused to obey.

Personally visit the people in the distance, climb Mount Tai, and visit the East Pole.

Concerning the traces of the ministers, the original career, only praises merits and virtues.

Governance and operation, all productions are suitable, and there are laws and regulations" and so on, all of which are praises of one's own merits and virtues, with a total of one hundred and forty-seven characters.

The engraved stone is engraved on all sides, and the eulogy is engraved on three sides.

Its essence is to consolidate the imperial power and whitewash the peace, which has a sense of the divine right of the monarch.

Hu Hai, the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty, was the heir to the throne, and in the first year (209 BC), he also toured the east, and engraved his imperial edict and the names of his servants on the spare side.

The inscription is Xiaozhuan after the Qin Dynasty unified the script, and it is said that it was written by Li Si.

Qin Shihuang and Qin II were followed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty.

In March ~lightnovelpub.net~ of the first year of Yuanfeng (110 B.C.), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led a group of ministers to tour the east, and when they arrived at Mount Tai, they sent people to erect stones on the top of the mountain.

After that, patrol the sea eastward.

In April, I returned to Mount Tai and decided on the etiquette of enshrining Zen: I went to Liangfu Mountain to worship the "landlord" god.

Afterwards, a feudal ceremony was held, and a feudal altar was built in the east at the foot of the mountain, nine feet high, under which the jade book was buried.

After performing the enfeoffment ceremony, Emperor Wu climbed Mount Tai alone with his attendant, the charioteer Hou, and performed the enfeoffment ceremony.

The next day, from Daiyin, according to the etiquette of offering sacrifices to Houtu, Suran Mountain at the northeast foot of Chantai Mountain.

After the end of Fengchan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the court congratulations of the officials in Mingtang, and changed the year name Yuanding to Yuanfeng, and cut Taishan Qianying and Boer County to worship Taishan, named Fenggao County.

Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to Mount Tai five times to hold the ceremony of enshrining Zen.

On February 12th in the 32nd year of Jianwu (AD 56), Emperor Guangwu led his officials to Fenggao, dispatched more than 1,500 servants to repair the mountain road, and more than 3,000 men on horseback to build ashlars on Dengfengtai.

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Fasting began on the 15th, and on the 22nd, burnt firewood to sacrifice to heaven in the southeast of Mount Tai.

After the ceremony, climb the mountain in a chariot, and after a short rest at Daiding, change clothes and seal the ceremony.

On the 25th, Zen Liangfu Mountain was changed to Jianwu Zhongyuan.

After Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Xuan of the Han Zhang, Emperor Liu Hu of the Han An, and Emperor Wen Yang Jian of the Sui Dynasty, there are definite records in the historical records that they went to Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to Zen, but they were not recorded in the official history.

In the official history, after Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty, there were Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, Tang Xuanzong Li Longji, and Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng.

 …

to be continued

Chapter 046