Free Science Chapter

  Semiconductor is a material relative to the word conductor. In general public occasions, semiconductor and integrated circuit refer to the same thing.

  In 1883, Edison (not Tesla:)) experimentally concluded that "there is a current flowing in the vacuum gap between the filament and the metal sheet, and the current has a unidirectional flow characteristic." He called this the "Edison effect"

  1889 British Thomson further explained the Edison effect, and two years later, Thomson proved the existence of electrons through the Edison effect.

  In 1904, the British Fleming invented the vacuum diode through the Edison effect.

   Two years later, the Americans invented the vacuum triode.

  In 1912, American Telephone and Telegraph Company and General Electric Company developed a high vacuum tube based on DeForest's triode.

Since then, regenerative radio (1912), radio broadcasting (1920) and superheterodyne radio (1920) have come out one after another, long-distance radio communication, wireless telephone, radio, radio, radar, inertial navigation, television, sound film, high Frequency heating furnace and computer consumption electronics have come out one after another.

  The first computer came out at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946, and the drawbacks of electronic tubes were exposed. Under the guidance of American Xiao Keli, Bardeen and Bratton successfully produced the first transistor, which was made of silicon and germanium semiconductors.

  Historically, Shockley was a genius, but he was not a person. His eight subordinates didn’t like him very much, so they resigned one after another, found Fairchild, which operates photographic equipment, and founded Fairchild Semiconductor.

   Eight genius-like fairy children gathered together to create a company, which is unique in the entire history of human science

In 1962, during the development of Fairchild's No. 142 project "Planar Control Equipment", two Fairchild first proposed: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor referred to as "CMOS" technology, and determined the CMOS characteristics at the solid-state circuit conference - "" The power density of the static power supply is low, and the power density of the working power supply is high, which can form a high-density field effect vacuum triode Logitech circuit.”

   Today, most integrated circuits in the world are developed based on CMOS process.

Shockley developed the transistor, and the Fairchildren kept the oxide plane on top of the silicon, enabling mass production of transistors: as long as thin metal wires were laid on the oxide, components and wires were integrated, and all transistors were linked internally. It can be implemented again in production. This is the prototype of the integrated circuit.

Moore is one of the eight fairies and one of the founders of Intel Corporation. In 1975, in electronics, he threw out Moore's Law, which was widely recognized by the industry and became the first law that drives the development of the information technology industry. . Microprocessor performance, memory capacity, sensors and even camera pixels are all evolving along the path of Moore's Law.

   The anti-Moore's Law was mentioned earlier, which means that any company whose technological development cannot keep up with the requirements of Moore's Law will be eliminated, and it is no exception for large enterprises. Therefore, in addition to maintaining high R&D investment, large enterprises also need to pay close attention to the development of emerging technologies. Frequent mergers and acquisitions of small and medium-sized enterprises with revolutionary new technologies may lead to the rise of venture capital mechanisms.

In the flower family, Huawei and Ali’s father are typical representatives. Huawei will not talk about it. The unicorn company Cambrian invested by Ali is very interesting. The two founders are from the Junior College of Science and Technology. Neuron smart chip.

In the Journal of Electronics (1975) Moore's predictions are gradually becoming a reality today: integrated circuits will bring a series of miracles - home computers (or terminals linked to a central computer), automatic control systems in automobiles, and portable communications equipment.

   Aside from the national factor, I should be grateful to these foreign geniuses. It is with them that I can watch Douyin today and brush up on the competitive sports of the island country, which is very good!

Nowadays, people are familiar with the terms integrated circuits, semiconductors, and chips. From a conceptual point of view, semiconductors refer to materials whose electrical properties are between conductors and insulators. Integrated circuits are large-scale integrated circuits made of semiconductor materials. A collection of circuits, while a chip is a product formed by an integrated circuit.

   Today, the application of chips is ubiquitous, profoundly changing our lives.

   Book friends can leave a message about the attitude of this free single chapter, if you don’t like it, you will not post it.

  

  

   (end of this chapter)