Semi popular science chapter

   First, let me say something about the author:

  No, it should be the reader's words.

   Those who read the author's words carefully know that I am an old reader who has read books for many years.

   Looking back, it has been a year since the book was opened, and it has more than one million words. As an old reader, I feel ashamed of myself!

  I have alliance leaders, quite a few, but they are the hardest alliance leaders in history, no updates, no thanks!

   I have a book friend, who lied to me that I had an idle computer, and ended up buying a flower for a notebook at a price increase, no update, no thanks.

   I have a moderator, Brother Xing, who sent me two boxes of hams, no updates, no thanks.

  I am ashamed!

   Speaking of the update, after the operation, my head is confused. This is not the reason for the slow update. I will never ask for leave, because if I talk too much, I will sell it badly. I don’t want to do this, because I am fine.

   I'm stuck in a vicious circle now, I'm pursuing rationality too much, but the progress of the article is very unfamiliar to me, because I've never experienced that kind of high-end environment, so what is reasonable and tangled.

  Xiao Baiwen can’t get along at the starting point. The pursuit of rationality is not a high-end pursuit. In the final analysis, it is still for economic benefits, but the current situation is that the more pursuit, the slower it is, the less economical it is, and it’s a strange circle.

   is still confused.

above.

   During the period of cultivation, in addition to reading physical books, I also reviewed the years of celebration.

   Great god-level works, please do not comment, apart from the conspiracy and tricks imposed, I didn't expect that the most adorable and favorite Uncle Wuzhu turned out to be

robot.

   So, what kind of book is that?

   Alternate history? Fantasy? fear? sci-fi?

  SO

  Science started.

First of all, I declare that the subsequent texts are written by dictation and then created without reading any materials. Therefore, it seems that popular science is not completely scientific popular text, but a non-985 and 211 undergraduate student who did not engage in this major after graduation. The highest Junior high school physics knowledge is commonplace.

   If you see familiar text, don’t be surprised, because I’ve seen it too, even if it’s an excerpt, if you haven’t read it, or even look confused after reading it, don’t panic, because I don’t understand it either.

  Even in the lifetime of the greatest scientist, Einstein, did not understand it!

  For a hundred years, in order to understand this thing, science and philosophy have come into battle, and even idealism has become popular, and it is precisely because of these people that this thing has developed into today.

   So, the text begins:

  It all started with one of the most famous cats of all time.

   That's right, this chapter is about boldly speaking about quantum mechanics.

Gossip.

"I love physics, I love flirting with girls! At the climax, I came up with the first equation of quantum mechanics. After that, my wife was in charge of taking care of the children I had with my girlfriend's wife, and she fell in love with my girlfriend. I fell in love with the best friend of my girlfriend's wife.

   Don't get me wrong, I'm not from the entertainment industry, I'm Erwin Schrödinger called the beast, please call me Teacher Xue.

  The only regret of my seventy years of life is why my cat is more famous than me? "

  The non-existent cat is put in the box, and there is a radioactive atom. If the atom decays, it excites the ray, touches the switch, starts the hammer, the hammer falls, breaks the poison bottle, and the cat is killed.

  The cat's life or death depends on whether the atom is fissioned. As long as we don't open the box, we can't know whether the cat is dead or alive, and whether the atomic nucleus is fissioned, and when it will fission, is a random event that can never be predicted.

   Confused?

   Bored?

  What's the matter with us if the cat doesn't die?

  You got a cat out of your stomach, and then the incident happened?

   However, Professor Xue eats women because he is full, but when he gets a cat, it is not to support him, but to slap a person

   "Love physics, love football.

   It's a physics problem when I'm playing football. I'm not a football star or a scholar, I'm just a genius.

   Graduated with a doctorate at the age of 26, became a professor at the age of 28, and won the Nobel Prize at the age of 37, one year earlier than Einstein.

  I am a winner in life, I am Nils Bohr, I am the voice of quantum mechanics! "

  Before we talk about Bohr, we need to think about a very common problem with junior high school physics knowledge:

  Light, is it a particle or a wave?

  More than 100 years ago, in order to understand this problem, scientists made a seemingly simple experiment - double-slit interference, which resulted in a collective "fine separation"!

  Double slits, two slits are opened on the wooden board, and the photons pass through the slits like a machine gun bullet and hit the screen.

   If there are two bars, light is a pure particle.

   If it is a pure wave, light is a wave.

   If it is a hybrid mixture, it is only a mixture of the two.

   There is no fourth possibility.

   However, the results of the experiment are as terrifying as Uncle Wuzhu is a robot, and the fourth situation happened

   The first experiment, light is a wave.

   The second experiment, light is a wave.

   When people breathed a sigh of relief, something frightening happened.

   In the third experiment, the scientist put the camera, and the result was: light, which is a particle.

  The fourth test, remove the camera, light, it's a wave!

  When a player shoots on the football field, whether the ball is scored or not depends on whether the player is Messi Ronaldo, the weather at that time, the performance of the goalkeeper, the noise of the fans, and the fairness of the referee.

   This is common sense.

  But when someone tells you one day that the goal is scored or not, it depends on whether you watch TV or not.

  Sabi, right?

   This was a schizophrenic moment for scientists around the world at the time.

  So, Bohr came on stage, and he believed that the three basic principles of quantum mechanics came into play:

   Principle of superposition state: Before you watch TV, the ball is in a superposition state of being in and out.

  uncertainty principle: you can never measure whether the ball goes in or not.

  Observer Principle: As long as you observe, you will definitely see a result, but this result is random.

   Do you understand?

   Bohr is saying that it was the great flower gardener and philosopher who created quantum mechanics—one day 500 years ago, the philosopher Wang Mingyang of the Ming Dynasty traveled to Nanzhen with a friend, and the friend asked:

   "There is nothing in the world outside the heart, such a flower tree, which blooms and falls in the deep mountains, has nothing to do with my heart?"

   Wang Mingyang replied:

   "You haven't seen this flower. This flower and your heart are in silence. When you look at this flower, the color of this flower becomes clear for a while."

   This is the famous "Nothing in the Heart"!

  Typical idealism, to this day, we can still be shocked by the meticulous logic of these idealist philosophers.

  So, Bol is tireless in destroying people~

   A more accurate description would be:

   As long as a microscopic particle is in an environment that 'may be accurately measured', it will automatically become one of many possible forms, and there is no need to wait for the 'observer' to be in place.

   Bullshit?

  Professor Xue said he was bullshitting, so he made a cat.

   He said that the cat was either dead or alive.

   It is absolutely impossible to have a cat in an immortal superposition.

  The scary thing is that there is no way to falsify this, the only way is to make that cat.

So, in 1996, more than 60 years after the cat was born, American Monroe (male) used a single glass ion to create the cat (spin up and down for a while) - the first time in human history The first time I saw a living quantum superposition state with my own eyes.

   Thus, the first theorem in human history that requires the use of probability and statistics was born (I am not sure).

   In other words, the cat is immortal, until the moment we see it, it is one of some random forms of it.

   In 2012, Professor Pan Jianwei established an 8-photon superposition state, and in 16 years, only 7 photons were added.

   Superposition!

   Remember Professor Xue's half-dead, dead and alive cat?

   Putting this cat, which is both 0 and 1, into a specific computing model is called:

   Quantum computer.

  Quantum superposition has superpowers that traditional computing can never dream of.

for example:

  If you walk in front of a woman with a great body, you will be beautiful.

  Run A Logic - Go forward and ask for a WeChat ID.

   If she is ugly.

   Run B logic - turn around and go.

  Classical computers execute logic only once.

   But for a quantum computer, it executes it twice, that is to say, whether a woman is beautiful or ugly, it has to go up once!

   In exchange for traditional science examples:

   Increase the number of qubits to two:

  Variable X=00, run A.

  Variable X=01, run B.

  Variable X=10, run C.

  Variable X=11, run D.

With    two qubits, a classical computer needs to run four times, but a quantum computer only needs one.

   Do you see the seriousness of the problem?

  When the number of qubits increases to 100, all the computers on the earth today run the workload of 1 million years at the same time, and the quantum computer only needs .

   A few minutes!

   Smoke billows and sparks fly.

The human scientists on earth are raising their hammers and banging on an iron embryo frantically - they want to make the sharpest spears, they want to pierce the sky, and they want to keep the financial secrecy that human beings rely on to function normally. The smashing of the system thorn!

  So, a theoretically absolutely safe shield came into being:

  Quantum encrypted communication!

   (PS:

  1, Quantum is a mistranslation, the word quantity means small, microscopically small, it can be small particles such as particles and photons.

  2, quantum computers have a lot of professional vocabulary and technology, and the following things will also be used. No matter how deep I am, I will be stunned.

  3, please note that quantum encrypted communication, according to Shannon's vision, is theoretically absolutely secure. )

  The text continues:

   In 1936, Xue Mengmon, who was busy dealing with many ex-girlfriends and cats, discovered something even weirder, but at that time, almost no one paid attention to this problem.

   All friends please remember this beast, because both the cat, the theory and terms of quantum mechanics he proposed are all based on this beast

  Thought Experiment!

   And a few decades later, the European Nuclear Center (CERN), did just this:

   They will use a particle collider to see how many babies are in the belly of the atomic nucleus, and they will confirm Professor Xue's thought experiment.

   Something scarier than Uncle Wuzhu is a robot has happened again

  “Duang~”

   The collided particle is divided into two (in most cases).

   becomes A particle, B particle.

  According to the conservation of energy, one will fly forward, the other will definitely fly backward, one will turn downward, and the other will definitely turn upward.

   However, no matter how they fly, how they move is random, unless you observe them, they will stabilize in a state.

   In Professor Xue's thought experiment, this situation is called: the superposition of twin particles.

   In this superposition state, what one particle looks like when it is observed, the other must be completely opposite. Professor Xue gave the two particle forms whose fates are secretly connected with a sexier name: quantum entanglement.

  Einstein exploded, the scientific community all over the world went crazy, philosophers began to enter the field, you came and I, swords and swords, it was so lively.

As the greatest scientific community, Einstein published and perfected the theory of special and general relativity at the age of 35. At that time, he was still a handsome and handsome young meat, and the image of the old man with banged hair that we saw was all that Dude studied the image after 30 quantum mechanics.

   What happened to make this guy blow up?

  Everything starts with "quantum entanglement".

   Next, let the most important character in our elementary school textbooks appear - Xiao Ming.

Xiao Ming grew up and could not find a wife. One day, his mother brought two brides with red hijabs to Xiao Ming. One of the two women was beautiful and the other was ugly. Take a woman to the end of the universe!

According to quantum entanglement, which is the principle of quantum mechanics, the beauty and ugliness of the woman in his mother's hands is not determined by his mother, but at the end of the universe. After passing through the entire universe, he instantly came to his mother's mind and told her that the woman in your hand is ugly.

   How fast is this?

   infinitely fast.

   What is this called?

   Over the distance!

   Or faster than the speed of light!

   If applied to the field of communication, what kind of scenario would it be?

   This is the quantum mechanics of the microscopic world. If everything was true at that time, then it would challenge Einstein's macroscopic theory of general relativity, and the physical system of the entire world would collapse.

  In Einstein's view, there is no such thing as an immortal cat, everything is black and white, that is to say, when a woman is handed over to Xiao Ming, it is already destined to be a beautiful woman.

  The reason why we don't know, there must be some hidden variables, as long as we find hidden variables, then the world will have no secrets to us!

   Einstein denounced the situation as: ghostly action at a distance.

   Writing this, I am very proud, it turns out that I am a normal person like Einstein!

  What's dead and alive, what's half-dead, what's probability, what statistics, all die!

pity

Does    have hidden variables?

No!

   has only two words - entanglement.

  30 years later, Einstein's follower, ultimate hacker, engineer Bell dug up a cosmic bug that had been hidden for 30 years - Bell's inequality.

   I don't understand this inequality for converting from 2D to 3D.

   But its birth, announced the quantum locality debate, from philosophical speculation to a scientific theory that can be falsified.

   20 years later (1982)

  The Frenchman Azpecht was the first to successfully verify Bell's inequality, and concluded:

  Quantum mechanics wins, spooky action at a distance, it's real!

   However, wouldn't this violate the theory of relativity (any information and matter cannot exceed the speed of light) kilometers?

No!

  Because the information is transmitted instantaneously, but to remove the garbled characters and extract the real content, the image must be sent again in a traditional way that does not exceed the speed of light.

   This involves more complicated terms such as entanglement, fault tolerance, and error correction.

   The problem of superluminal speed that made Einstein worry about his heart turned out to be unfounded!

   Superposition, quantum computing; entanglement, quantum communication.

   They are also intertwined with each other, regardless of each other.

   As for the realization principle, I’m still confused. If I can understand even a little bit, I will invite the Golden Lock of the island country and give you a few words.

   Therefore, when you play Douzhuzhu and see the \'K' (the founder of modern cryptography, Julius Caesar), don't worry about the security of our modern financial system.

  Because of quantum mechanics, the whole world is bewildered.

   Bohr: “If anyone is not surprised by quantum mechanics, he must not understand quantum mechanics.”

  Einstein: "I think about quantum mechanics a hundred times as long as general relativity, but I still don't understand it."

  Feynman: "Nobody understands quantum mechanics!"

  Pan Jianwei: "If I can figure out why there is quantum entanglement, I can die now!"

  The future, very far.

  The future has come!

   is written at the end:

  1, World 21, mathematicians appear.

  In the established mathematical theoretical model (please note, it is a theory), the entire universe is full of quantum entanglement, when it disappears, the universe collapses!

  2, please imagine a number '8', then come over and pull its two eggs hard, you will get the symbol of '∞' infinity, which is the mathematical model (theory) of quantum entanglement.

   What do you think it looks like?

  Einstein Rosen Bridge.

   is also known as a wormhole (two unreachable black holes can be connected by a channel in spacetime).

   If this is true, then the most mysterious phenomenon of quantum entanglement, "action at a distance", does not actually exceed the speed of light, but, like a wormhole, surpasses space and time!

   Mathematicians conjecture that quantum entanglement may be a miniature wormhole.

  3, today is December 12th, the shopping festival. But what is more memorable than the shopping festival is that today, 117 years ago, Marconi received the first radio signal in human history across the Atlantic Ocean.

   In August three years ago, the world's first quantum communication MSI Mozi was launched.

   Today, although some say it failed, it was just a product of a scam, I don’t agree at all, because at least we’re part of it.

  Professor Pan Jianwei is an applied scientist. He may be far away from Nobel, but among the popular science books I have read, he is the only Chinese scientist who appears on our land!

  4, some people say that quantum computing and communication need hundreds of Nobel-level awards to lay the foundation, and talking about it now is just the tireless pursuit of mankind.

   So, what is sensational, shocking, and nonsense in the media!

  I was thinking, if there is such a genius born to understand what quantum entanglement is, maybe

The    universe will open the door to mankind.

  5, Happy Shopping Day!

   It's almost New Year's Eve, keep your wallet!

  6, about the update:

  Most people are willing to do anything to escape real thinking!

  ——Wang Xing!

   I wrote 5,000 words for a morning, and for 2,000 words of updates, I had to write for a day.

  7, what am I talking about?

   Because personal PCs are still in the mainstream, Zhao Song's tossing is not useless, cloud computing, big data, and 5G are not human brains.

   Some book lovers don’t think about these profound things, let’s just take them in the urban rebirth category, don’t go grab the fantasy job, until

The day of   404.

   (end of this chapter)