464th good rice is made into bad porridge

In the real world, some people sometimes admire the long history of Oxford University and Cambridge University, but the early Oxford University and Cambridge University are not universities that everyone imagined. It was not until the beginning of the 16th century that the contradiction between kingship and theocracy became increasingly fierce, and these so-called ancient universities began to reform their secularization. Take the University of Cambridge, Newton’s alma mater, as an example. At that time, the English royal family disliked Cambridge University’s habit of only cultivating religious leaders, and then took a hard-line approach to intervene in Cambridge University affairs. It established Trinity College, etc., and guided Cambridge University to gradually start recruiting non-theological and pastoral majors. s student.

Nevertheless, in the next two hundred years, religious thoughts will still loom over Cambridge University.

For example, it was not until 1860 that the University of Cambridge officially lifted the academician’s prohibition of marriage.

Why didn't Newton get married?

In addition to the emotional problems that Newton himself could not determine, the habit of not allowing academicians to marry and have children at Cambridge University was also a very important reason.

Take Newton as an example, just to prove the strong religious atmosphere of the early Cambridge University.

In 1666 in this time and space, perhaps because of the influence of the globalization of Wei Fan's enfeoffment of the empire, England had not yet broken out a bourgeois revolutionary civil war, let alone the legend of Cromwell, the protector of the country. However, the enfeoffment of the empire by Wei Xia can at best alleviate the internal contradictions that weaken England, but cannot completely eradicate it. The contradictions of beliefs induced by the religious reforms, the cultural thoughts of various summers spread through the port, and the comprador class that smeared the colors of Wu Fan still brought a fierce impact that the old ruling class in England could not bear.

The old aristocratic group represented by the English royal family and the clergy that ruled Oxford and Cambridge universities are hostile to all potential forces that want to erode their power and change the existing order, and will never support the new Isaac to educate the two universities. reform. New Isaac wandered gloomily until 1671, sighed and gave up the idea of ​​serving the country, and decided to lead his wife back to Lu Fan and began to pursue his own career.

The new Isaac, who is suspected of being Newton in time and space, got married in this way.

However, even if New Isaac is really Newton, his marriage is understandable.

After all, Weihe College does not have the weird rules of not allowing marriages like Cambridge University.

The new Isaac’s wife’s name is arthurrine. After marrying the new Isaac, she changed her surname to the new according to the English custom. In 1673, New Isaac and his wife Xin Yani arrived at Lu Fan’s Qingdao Mansion, applied for a job at the lowest level of Wei He College, and immediately plunged into the pit of natural science.

New Isaac did not live up to the similarity between him and Newton.

New Isaac's natural science talent is quite high. Without the achievements of the three laws of mechanics, he immediately devoted himself to the latest theoretical frontiers such as optics and electricity. In 1681, New Isaac keenly discovered the phenomenon of aberration, that is, the angle of the light source will be tilted along the direction of movement, and then calculated a more accurate value of the speed of light. After that, Wei He College awarded the title of Assistant Researcher to New Isaac, and since then he has completely integrated into the academic circle of Wei He College. To this day, the new Isaac is still in the scientific research post and glows.

Above, even the current status of the five samples.

Wei Dongsheng's indifferent mentality ended this round of close observations and went north to investigate the current situation of Zhao Fan's six-year compulsory education.

Wei Dongsheng couldn't help but shook his head with a wry smile just as he stepped into the territory of Zhao Fan.

As Wei Dongsheng expected, Zhao Fan's six-year compulsory education policy is very pessimistic.

One of the samples is Jiacun, a county in Hejian Prefecture.

The school school here is a dilapidated building, and the school teacher is a veteran soldier who is not well literate. The quality of teaching can be imagined. A very simple reasoning is that the school teachers are all illiterate, how can he teach qualified students? Furthermore, poor children take care of their families early. Although six or seven-year-olds cannot be regarded as qualified laborers, they are already able to do some simple tasks such as herding sheep, feeding pigs, and heating meals. How can farmers be willing to send their children to school to waste time.

The compulsory education in Village A is basically in a state of neglect.

Unless officials come to inspect the people's livelihood, the school teacher will temporarily summon students to pretend.

The second sample is Yi Village in a county of Hejian Prefecture.

Different from Village A, the compulsory education system in Village B and the surrounding villages are all decent. Groups of children gather at each school on time to learn rote. If Wei Fan Wang Weifu visits here privately, he must be very pleased to say: "People here are really studious."

It is a pity that the compulsory education in Village B is also "except for gold and jade, but also for failure."

There is a big landlord surnamed Cheng in Village B who has contracted for six years of compulsory education in more than 20 nearby villages. The big landlord surnamed Cheng held high the banner of loyalty to the king to establish compulsory education. Firstly, he drove the government officials to order villagers to raise funds to build schools; secondly, they organized nursing militia and forced all villagers to send their children to schools on time.

Why did the landlord Cheng support the national policy so actively?

Because of interest.

Farmers have low incomes, and every single penny of unexpected expenditures must be carefully considered. The landlord Cheng supports the national policy of compulsory education. It is impossible for him to personally pay for the construction of the school. All the funds for the construction of the school are fleece from the sheep. And because it was not about spending his own money anyway, Cheng Da’s landlord’s extravagant and wasteful style demanded “one village, one school, five villages, one school”, which indirectly forced many self-employed farmers into bankruptcy.

Some people may question that if the peasants have no money, then what can the landlord Cheng do?

The answer is simple. If the farmer has no money, he can sell his ancestral farmland to the landlord Cheng; when the land is sold out, the farmer can mortgage his wife, children and himself to the landlord Cheng.

One school in one village and one school in five villages are designed to drain the savings of self-employed farmers under the guise of national policy.

In addition, in addition to the construction costs of primary schools, the annual tuition of children is a mountain that suppresses farmers from turning over.

As a digression, Zhao Fan’s economy is weak, and the Hejian Prefecture and other counties near Lu Fan are accustomed to using Lu Yuan to settle their income. Lu Fan introduced a new monetary policy in 1672, stipulating that 1 Lu Yuan exchanges 100 new Lu Wen, and here is also a brief description of the economic burden of Zhao Fan farmers in Lu Yuan and Lu Wen.

Zhao Fan’s national policy of compulsory education stipulates that all children over 6 years old, regardless of male or female, must go to school for six years, with a minimum of four months each year. The tuition clause stipulates that before children learn to read, they must pay 20 literary fees (Luwen) every ten days; after children learn to read or complete two years, they must pay 30 literary fees every ten days; children learn to read, write, or four Years, 40 literature fees must be paid every ten days. And if anyone dares to miss class, one day counts as 4 classes, a fine of 20 essays for missing one class, and 80 essays for missing one class.

What is the income of farmers in Hejian Prefecture?

According to Wei Dongsheng's rough statistics, the per capita income of farmers in the Hejian Mansion of Zhao Fan is about 24 Lu Yuan, or 2,400 Lu Wen.

Anyone who dares to miss school for a month will have no income for a year.

Even if there is no absence from school, a child must study for at least April every year, and April is 12 days. Calculated at 40 literary fees per ten days, it is also a heavy burden of 480 texts. If the family has two or even three children, the financial burden is suddenly heavier, how can the small farmers pay for the children's tuition? Because of this, villages such as Jiacun took the "six-year compulsory education of Wei Wuwei" as a joke, and felt that this policy could not be implemented at all. However, the landlord Cheng is a "loyal minister" who actively supports the national policy. He does not care whether the nine-year compulsory education is needed in the rural areas today.

In the more than twenty villages controlled by the landlord Cheng Da, all villages must build schools, and all peasant children must read and read. Of course, the most critical point is that all villagers must pay tuition and fines to him on time. Whoever dares to resist the state policy of compulsory education is a rebel who ignores the king's order.

It is said that when the national policy of compulsory education was first introduced, villagers near Yi village cried and cursed Wei Wuwei for being unconscious. Realizing that they could not resist the school nurse militia organized by the landlord of Cheng Da, the villagers could barely endure their grief, temporarily giving their children to relatives to raise them or mercilessly selling them to Lu Fan. Some desperate villagers who were blocked by the school-guarding militia even strangled children of school age with their trembling hands, carrying the corpse of the child crazy and laughing and crying: "Hahaha, my son (daughter) is dead."

Of course there will be people resisting the landlord Cheng Da.

It is a pity that the threat of rebellion from low-organized peasants is getting lower and lower, from fire bludgeon to beak bludgeon, flint bludgeon to bayonet bludgeon. After more than a dozen villagers died in the name of supporting the national policy, more than 20 villages knelt down in front of the landlord Cheng Da.

After the triple oppression of funds raised for school construction, children’s tuition, and fines for absenteeism, except for a few shameless distant relatives such as the seven aunts and eight aunts of the landlord Cheng, all self-cultivating farmers have tragically become the tenure tenants of the landlord Cheng.

Well, maybe the term tenure tenant cannot be used hastily.

In order to remove the personal constraints of the tenant system, Zhao Fan issued a number of decrees to prohibit the landlord class from restricting tenants with land. It is a pity that there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom. Even if the tenant contract constraints are not in name, the tuition fees and massive fines brought by the state policy of compulsory education can still force the former self-employed farmers to obediently sell their lives for the landlords of Cheng.

Going more places, Wei Dongsheng discovered that Village A and Village B were the two norms of Zhao Fan’s national policy of compulsory education.

Either the national policy of compulsory education was ruined into a child's play, or compulsory education became a wealthy tool for landlords and officials. With the banner of the national policy of compulsory education, I don't know how many self-employed farmers have no choice but to go bankrupt, and I don't know how many cunning locals have become big landlords.

Wei Dongsheng looked at it from the standpoint of the common people, and Zhao Fan’s national policy of compulsory education was simply insulting the four words of compulsory education.

Of course, rural areas need compulsory education, but they never need such compulsory education.

Wei Dongsheng quickly became cold, and hurriedly ended the investigation of Zhao Fan's compulsory education. Back at Weihe College, Wei Dongsheng quickly applied for cooperation to Zhao Fan's relevant departments in the name of Wei He College, indicating that Wei He College was willing to help Zhao Fan improve the national policy of compulsory education. When Wei Wuwei, the king of the Wei vassal vassal zealously promised his promise, Wei Dongsheng immediately carried out education in a place similar to Village Yi, piercing the ugly masks of loyal officials such as the landlord Cheng Da, and then used Wei Wuwei's sword to avenge those innocent children.

When Wei Wuwei was slow to discover that the nine-year compulsory education national policy had become a treasurer for local landlords, subordinates, and bureaucrats to oppress self-employed farmers, he had to be depressed to relax the nine-year compulsory education national policy. Of course, the consequences are also very regrettable. At the same time, Wei Wuwei reduced the burden on the self-employed peasant class. At the same time, Zhao Fan’s nine-year compulsory education policy was gradually abandoned as a village.

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