Buckingham Palace, British Empire.

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"William IV and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, under Bismarck and Seward teaming up with Lincoln, chose to make a breakthrough like this, it's really amazing."

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Queen Victoria looked at the incomparably detailed details of the Dutch parliamentary reform, and sighed after being silent for a long time.

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Prime Minister Disraeli and the leader of the opposition party, former Prime Minister Clayston, were also shocked.

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"The Netherlands was chosen to reform the powers of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which staged a real political drama, and it fully demonstrated that the Netherlands, who held the majority of votes in the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Millikin, as well as many ethnic groups They will use the demonstration effect brought by the Netherlands, perhaps, soon to be staged in the United States, to seize the external and internal power of President Lincoln and the Secretary of State in the American cabinet government, which is really powerful.”

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Foreign Secretary Russell was also surprised by the large-scale reforms of the Netherlands. He had to admit that even the late Viscount Palmerston, who had been in the European diplomatic circle for 30 years, could not do it. Because of this, he felt incredible. .

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Thinking of this, he couldn't help looking at Queen Victoria, and then at Prime Minister Disraeli, "Your Majesty, this Netherlands is implementing parliamentary reform, should the UK study it carefully?"

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Careful study!

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Disraeli's expression changed greatly, and he glared at Russell with some dissatisfaction.

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This old guy, what is meant by careful study, obviously wants to take advantage of the Dutch exit from the reform, and intends to implement the Whig party's move to restrict the cabinet government in the British Empire.

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The current political reality in the UK is that Disraeli's Tory Party occupies the majority in the House of Lords (same as the Senate), while the Whig Party controls the House of Commons (the House of Representatives), which is why he invited Ross The reason this Whig party joined his government was so that some bills could be proposed in the House of Commons without being blocked by the Whig party.

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If the reform of the Netherlands is also implemented in the UK, then the power of the House of Representatives will increase, and the cabinet government will be more restricted by Congress. At that time, the Dutch plan to deal with the Lincoln government is on him. It will also be "realized", how can this not make Disraeli angry.

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Just as he was about to speak out, Queen Victoria said in front of him, "Don't worry, it's not too late to see the reaction of Europe and the Commonwealth of America."

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Hearing this, Disraeli breathed a sigh of relief.

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But he didn't see that Queen Victoria gave Clayston and Russell a calm look at the same time, so they both breathed a sigh of relief.

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Clayston and Rose understood that the Queen was still closer to the Whigs.

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Queen Victoria: "It's a headache for European royal families and governments when the Netherlands comes out like this."

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Disraeli felt the same way: "Why not, the Netherlands is the best at playing these games."

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The old friend Creston mocked: "Why doesn't the Prime Minister say that the Netherlands is a system-innovation, Your Majesty, I feel that the Netherlands seems to want to occupy a leading position in seizing the advanced system, which makes us have to After all, the European system has always put Britain first, if we fall too far behind, it will appear that our position has been replaced by the Netherlands, which is not good for our international position.”

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Queen Victoria's eyes lit up, and she immediately said to Clayston approvingly: "It's good to think so, perhaps, William IV may have this idea, since the Netherlands has recently launched one after another after the novel organizations. , the positive response of various countries, you can know that the Netherlands is also very clever, Prime Minister Disraeli, I think, you and Clayston and Lord Ross. It is necessary to discuss the following plan for the implementation of the committee system in the United Kingdom, whether it is feasible or not. , how to change it, what needs to be changed, etc., give me a charter next week.”

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Disraeli's mouth moved, and finally looking at the eager but unquestionable expression of the Queen, he finally wisely chose to say yes.

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The scene staged in the United Kingdom also appeared in various European countries.

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Among them, the French Empire was the most intense.

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Napoleon III was originally forced to change from president to emperor. Therefore, many people in the French Empire were dissatisfied with this. In order to restrict Napoleon III, some people have proposed various plans, but they were all rejected by Napoleon. The government vetoed it, which made many people helpless, but also had nothing to do with Napoleon III.

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However, the current reform in the Netherlands has given this person a new idea of ​​​​to fight against Napoleon III, so the anti-imperial rulers of the French Empire began to brew a movement against Napoleon III, and the ambassadors of various countries in France hurriedly took everything that happened in France. It was sent back to their respective countries by telegram.

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This made the cabinet governments of various European countries start to worry.

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On April 3, 1868, the Belgian Senate and the House of Representatives held a vote, and finally passed a parliamentary reform that imitated the Netherlands. While restricting the prime minister, it also restricted the passage of the parliamentary reform of King Leopold II.

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For a time, this reform once again triggered a huge public opinion among the people and elites.

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In the past, it was the UK, France and other countries that followed the trend after reforming, but now, it was the Netherlands that caused the storm, and looking at the momentum, it was not weak at all. No, there will be new progress soon.

After Christian IX of Denmark and Karl XV of Sweden completed their work, they were quickly passed under the consultation between the two parliaments of the opposition party and the ruling party.

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On April 6, 1868, Skyler. Colfax announced that it would launch a parliamentary reform modeled after the Netherlands, adding 16 permanent committees.

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On the same day, Senator Speaker Andrew and Vice President also expressed his intention to follow the example of the Netherlands. He said that the senators would also set up 16 committees, each of which would have jurisdiction over specific ministries such as the Ministry of Finance or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Commonwealth of America. The functions of the various standing committees are similar to those of the House of Representatives, but the standing committees of the Senate not only have relevant bills to review, amend and announce, but also will review the presidential nominations of the relevant ministries and committees.

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Andrew. Vice President Johnson also gave an example, for example, the Senate Judiciary Committee considers the judicial qualifications of the nominees for the attorney general, and the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee considers the qualifications of the nominees nominated for the Secretary of State for foreign affairs.

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Senate President and Vice President Andrew also proposed that the committees have additional powers implicitly on bills and personnel that have concerns, and they can block bills or personnel from entering the Senate.

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At the same time, Andrew also said that in order to authorize the senators to supervise the power and trust of the executive agency on behalf of the people, the Standing Committee will also implement the supervision of various departments of the executive branch and their officials. If an official is to be removed (and fired), the Standing Committee has the right to hold hearings Witnesses and physical evidence will be and will be called.

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Andrew and Skyler. Colfax also said that it will follow the example of the Dutch Congress. There will also be joint committees in the Congress of the Commonwealth of America, including members of the Senate and House of Representatives. Some joint joint committees supervise government organizations that are not in the cabinet government. .

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Andrew and Skyler. As soon as Colfax announced that he would reform, Lincoln stood up to express his opposition. He naturally did not want to see his power cake being touched, let alone two opponents who had already made a bad relationship with him.

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Seward jumped up and down, using the resources in his hand to attack the two Andrews, and even "frankly" in a German-controlled newspaper that these two congressional leaders were rebelling and seizing power.

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Call on people not to be deceived by the two of them.

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However, the remarks made by the Secretary of State for the United States Federal Unit, Seward, were quickly slapped in the face.

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"He cannot fully represent the voice of the Commonwealth of America, because he only represents the Lincoln cabinet government. Our foreign policy is extremely inclusive, including the development of friendly relations with countries around the world."

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Speaker of the House Skyler. Colfax was very dissatisfied with Seward's statement, and for this reason he proposed that it is necessary to limit the foreign powers of the Secretary of State to prevent foreign policy from being "exclusively enjoyed" by the Secretary of State.

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And Senate President and Vice President Andrew. Johnson isn't one to fight back either.

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"People's eyes are sharp, some people don't think people are stupid, because sometimes they can see the truth better than you."

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Andrew bluntly criticized Seward in the Dutch-controlled newspaper: "If Your Excellency the Secretary of State thinks that increased oversight undermines your power, I can understand, but to think that we have deceived the people, I think that is a big mistake, because , Cabinet government is not President Lincoln's lifetime career, and the position of Secretary of State is not fixed to your Excellency. They will be replaced every term or even without a term. What is wrong with supervising the current cabinet government officials on behalf of the people, and if not, please ask Secretary Seward and President Lincoln to stand up and explain to the people of the Commonwealth of Millikin that supervising turned out to be a crime? Is this the truth?"

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Vice President Andrew's rebuttal~lightnovelpub.net~ suddenly silenced Seward, but the citizens of the Commonwealth of Millikin sided with Andrew.

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The Commonwealth of Millikin was originally a country with a large number of immigrant ethnic groups. Many of them came here at the risk of leaving the countryside. If they can live well, whoever comes back here is precisely why they cherish their current life.

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At the same time, it also avoids the monopoly of one family.

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The alliance of Irish and German has threatened the lives of other ethnic groups. Under the propaganda of the Dutch newspapers, Prussia has spread the actions and ambitions of European Prussia to annex the German Confederation all over the country. Be vigilant, Seward is promoting the relationship between Millician and Prussia again and again. What he doesn't know is that he is going in the opposite direction of what he wants.

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Although the influence of the Netherlands is not small, even stronger than that of Germans, the population of the Netherlands is only so much, 1.1 million people to the 23 million people of the United States of America. Less than 5%, while Germans are 4 million, 17%, more than three times that of Dutch. For other ethnic groups, the natural Germans made them even more uneasy.

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Plus more than 25% Irish.

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This can be said to be full of threats. Although Lincoln finally wanted to block it, in the face of public opinion, he finally chose not to.

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Therefore, after the members and the Senate of each state were successively received by the public opinion of each state, in the end, the reforms of the Senate and the House of Representatives were also passed.

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