Jean Agusta is responsible for burning glass and blowing various experimental utensils. In addition to the ratio of raw materials, he is even better than Shixiong.

　　 Lili brother is responsible for burning lime. In this respect, Shixiong does not have much advantage compared to him. The only advantage is the ratio of raw materials.

Anyway, these two things are left to the two of them, and Shixiong is not worried about what they will cause. After all, these two things are not very difficult things. As long as there are raw materials and people, it is almost impossible to make mistakes. of.

　　 At the beginning, Stone Bear had never made steel. Didn't he also try to make steel out?

　　 As for Jack Williams and David Adion, they have more important things to do, they can't participate in the burning of cement and glass.

　　 Williams has made great progress in the research of all-steel machine tools. All his current thoughts are placed on this kind of all-metal machine tools.

　　 In fact, things like machine tools, like glass and cement, appeared very early. The earliest tree lathe appeared more than two thousand years ago, which can be said to be the embryonic form of machine tools.

　　 This kind of tree lathe is terribly crude, but it is really a tool for processing objects with the help of external forces.

　　The main function of the tree lathe is cutting. A platform composed of two logs is erected between two large trees that are relatively close. One log is fixed and the other log is thinner and can not be moved but can be rotated.

At this time, people will choose a tough branch from the two big trees, and then tie the upper end of a rope to this branch. The rope hangs down and loops around the thin log twice, and finally hangs to a height close to the ground. , Pull a rope buckle, even if this kind of machine is installed.

　　 When working, the worker stepped down on the rope buckle, and the rope turned the thin log while pulling down the tough branch at the upper end. Then the worker loosened his foot, and the tough branch would drive the rope upwards, again driving the thin log to rotate.

The fine logs are equipped with hard and sharp shells or stone knives. As the fine logs rotate back and forth, these shells or stone knives will cut the objects fixed on the fixed log to complete the object. Cutting.

　　 This is a typical process of processing objects using the elasticity of human branches as power.

You can think of the fixed thick log as the bed of the machine tool, which is used to fix the machined parts; the thin log can be regarded as the workpiece, and the stone knife or shell can be regarded as the tool. The rope is the transmission system, and the worker’s feet and the tough branch can be regarded as the power system.

　　 This is the most primitive tree lathe.

　　 But human beings are always developing, and the lathe is also advancing with the times.

A tree lathe that has been used for n years can’t always be hung on a tree, so in the Middle Ages, there appeared a "pedal lathe" that used pedals to rotate a wooden crankshaft and drive a wooden flywheel, and then to a wooden spindle to make it rotate. "It is also called an elastic rod lathe, but except that the tool is replaced with a metal tool, the operating principle is exactly the same as the original tree lathe.

　　 In 1395, a real bar machine tool appeared in Germany.

About two hundred years after the emergence of the bar-bar machine tool, the Ming Dynasty of China published a strange book called Tiangong Kaiwu. This book records the various dynasties of the early and middle Ming Dynasty and the previous dynasties. Technology, including detailed records of grinders. New 81 Chinese network update the fastest mobile terminal: https:/

　　 This kind of grinder uses a principle similar to a pedal machine in the Middle Ages in Europe. It uses a pedal method to rotate a metal plate and work with sand and water to process jade.ァ新ヤ~⑧~1~中文网ωωω.χ~⒏~1zщ.còм

　　 Although this type of grinder is called a grinder, its function is not only grinding, but also cutting.

　　 This kind of grinder has many kinds of tools, one of which is called "Punch mound". The function of this mound is mainly to hollow out the inside of the jade. Its function is similar to that of modern boring machines. The name of another kind of knife is "Zha mound", and the main function of this mound is to cut jade.

　　 Whether it is a tree lathe, a rod lathe or a China grinder, the tools are fixed. But later in France, an engineer named Besson designed a lathe for turning screws that slides the tool through the screw rod, and the tool is finally no longer fixed in one position.

This lathe already has the appearance of a modern lathe, but unfortunately, the lathe designed by Besson has not been promoted for unknown reasons. It is only used in small industries such as watch processing... .

At the same time, the Italian legend Leonardo da Vinci drew conceptual sketches of lathes, boring machines, threading machines and internal grinders in the early 16th century, which contained cranks, flywheels, tops and bearings . But like the Besson lathe, Da Vinci's design just stays on paper...

　　 Generally speaking, before Watt improved the steam engine, the lathes all over the world were at an extremely primitive level. This is mainly related to the selection of props, the components of the transmission system and the source of power.

　　Although design concepts such as Besson and Da Vinci have also appeared~lightnovelpub.net~, the real modern lathe has never appeared.

　　 In fact, even if it is Watt's improved steam engine, without the barrel boring machine invented by the British John Wilkinson, Watt's steam engine not only cannot be promoted on a large scale, it can even be regarded as a failed work.

　　 At that time, when Watt improved the steam engine, an important process was that he made a 38-inch-thick steel cylinder, but this cylinder forged with a manual hammer can really be called "full of loopholes", and the work efficiency is extremely low.

　　 At this time, John Wilkinson has developed the world's first boring machine that uses water wheels as power. Only at that time Wilkinson made this boring machine to process the barrel of the artillery, so this boring machine was also called "barrel boring machine".

　　 It’s just that Wilkinson contacted Watt on the initiative after learning that Watt’s cylinders were processed very badly, and then used the barrel boring machine he invented to reprocess Watt’s leaky cylinder, and finally met the requirements of a real cylinder.

　　 So Wilkinson began to cooperate with Watt and became the only supplier of Watt steam engine cylinders.

　　In order to boring larger cylinders, Wilkinson developed a cylinder boring machine based on the barrel boring machine, which is used to process larger models of cylinders.

　　John Wilkinson created a precedent for modern machine tools.

　　 But now it is nine years before Wilkinson developed the world's first barrel boring machine, and the alchemist Jack Williams under Shixiong has made a huge breakthrough in the research of all-metal machine tools.