Chapter 3049 adamas (2)

The Black family is not like the Malfoy family. Lucius Malfoy needs to handle the family business "personally". Although he does not inspect his property as frequently as a professional manager, he at least knows what he is doing.

Since the Crusades, the trust system has existed. At that time, it still existed in the form of usufruct. Generally, people who went on expeditions gave the land to their relatives and friends, and let these friends manage the land on their behalf, and the proceeds of the land were used. It was given to the wife, children and children who stayed in their hometown, and the term usually extended until the person who transferred the land came back.

There was already a "ransom" at that time. As long as you were not killed on the spot, even if you were caught by the pagans, you could still redeem yourself by paying a ransom. Of course, the money was also derived from the land revenue. But there were special circumstances. Louis IX was redeemed by the French using taxes to raise money.

 In short, there was no law at that time to restrict this transfer and benefit relationship, and it relied entirely on the honesty and trustworthiness of the other party.

 At this point, wizards have quite an advantage, and it’s not just the way of making an unbreakable oath. Anyway, through the "trust", the Black family can close the door and stay in it, and they don't have to worry about their livelihood, although gas lighting was no longer used in many places in the 20th century.

There is a black banshee living in the Death Swamp. The swamp is one of the territories of the Black family. The swamp was previously considered a barren land. But the Ruhr industrial area in Germany was also a swamp, and a lot of coal was discovered there.

Of course, the Black family's properties are more than this, but the nobles do not need to take care of these "personally". Even when Sirius' mother cut off his support, his uncle gave him support, and Sirius never had to worry about money in his life.

Hamlet had an uncle who killed his father and married his mother while he was studying in Denmark.

Even if there is a kinship relationship, some people still cannot fully believe it, so sometimes the lord will give the territory to the mother of his child.

 Compared to Northern Europe, the land in the Mediterranean is dry. If plows are used to plow deeply, the moisture in the soil will be lost, which is not conducive to the growth of crops.

 In Northern Europe, because of the heavy rain, the soil is sticky and lumpy, so deep plowing is required. This required animals, usually horses, to pull wheeled plows.

Turning around multiple horses and heavy plows is not as simple as using oxen in East Asia, so the land in Europe is all "strips", called strips of land. These lines are like the "dividing lines" drawn by boys and girls on their desks. "Some people will also put a circle of simple fences and wooden stakes around their land to prevent unauthorized entry. Neighbors must purchase the right of way if they want to pass.

This is usually done when you are short of money. After all, you collected my toll, so I can ask you for it.

There were times when the lord was short of money. In June 1368, the steward of Lancaster and others decided to divide the lord's own camp and lease it to the peasants, on the condition that the peasants devoted themselves and the loyalty of their successors.

　　The lord’s own camp is definitely the best in the territory and is usually surrounded by fences. There are two reasons for the housekeeper to do this. The first is that the Black Death reduced the rural labor force. Instead of leaving it so deserted, it was better to rent it out. The second reason is that because the Duke was defeated in Europe, the French took advantage of the uprising in Gascony and recovered a lot of lost territory.

The Duke was not captured, but Edward III would definitely be unhappy if he knew about this defeat. In addition to John of Gaunt, there was also the Black Prince Edward who was a contender for the throne. In order to make his father happy, he needed a sum of money to bribe Edward. Mrs. Perez, III’s mistress.

 Before this, many lords had rented out their own camps. The farmers cheered and the lords were very dissatisfied, but they had no other choice. Previously, the transfer of land was settled verbally through the manor court. At this time, there was a contract recording the tenant's obligations and ground rent at the time of leasing, which could be used as evidence in court in the future.

 The Duke and his servants all did it, and others had no scruples. This system of public ownership gradually replaced the Weilan system, and the original vassal peasants became public peasants.

This kind of contract has many forms, such as life-long hereditary system. If Lancaster wins the War of the Roses, those peasants who are loyal to the duke and their heirs can inherit the land instead of renting it.

There are also some contracts that stipulate the names of the successors. As long as the successors are not dead, this contract will take effect, and whoever survives to the end will get the most land.

There is also a time limit, which means that if the heir wants to continue renting the land, he needs to pay an entrance fee. At first, it is the total land rent for one or two years, and later it becomes decades. The total ground rent is in pounds sterling.

　In contracts, there is often a sentence "to comply with the wishes of the lord". If the peasants fulfill their obligations in the contract, the lord has no right to evict the tenants, and common law does not allow it. But the lord plans to turn the farmland into pasture. If the farmer cannot pay the entrance fee, the land lord can take it back.

In the "Domesday Book" at the end of the 11th century, Wayland accounted for 41% of the total population, and there were also some Yeomanons. They did not have vast lands like the big lords, nor were they as wealthy as the squires who were rich because of the wool trade. Those with money usually run some small ranches, and their land can be bought and sold freely.

Malfoy occupies the land of such people. In theory, their land has been measured, but the fences can be moved without leaving a trace, let alone a few numbers.

It is unlucky to have such a neighbor, and it is not a good thing to meet the neighbor of Arnold the Miller.

The abbot of Canterbury Abbey built a dam, formed a waterfall, increased the flow of water, promoted a larger mill, and expanded production capacity. Why didn't this neighbor do the same? Not only would Arnold, the miller, not sue him, he might even help fund the maintenance of the dike.

This neighbor also had a mill of his own, and by cutting off the river, Arnold's mill couldn't be moved. Didn't everyone else go to his place to grind wheat?

The miller Arnold was the only victim in the whole thing. There was still enough water for irrigation for other people, otherwise there would be no need for Arnold to sue. Others would have picked up farm tools and dug the dam.

 The matter was brought to the king because it involved a local lord, a district commissioner, and legal blind spots. The pond belonged to the district commissioner and the mill belonged to the lord.

The lord didn't just own a mill. Arnold's mill was actually purchased from the earl's father with a freehold called "indefeasible". However, Arnold did not become the owner of the mill because his father It's a sharecropper.

  What they actually obtained was permanent tenure. Just like those tenant farmers who devoted their loyalty to the Lancastrian family in exchange for permanent tenure in the lord's own camp, they still had to pay land rent to the lord.

By the time the carp pond was repaired, Arnold was without water and had no way to collect rent. The lord went straight to the territorial court and sued Arnold for paying the rent.

If Arnold could not pay, he would take the mill back and rent it to whomever he wanted.

The land belongs to the earl, and he can do whatever he wants. Except for building a fortress, no one can control him even if he builds a theme park on the territory.

The problem is that the river does not just pass through his family's territory. If the river passes through his territory, it belongs to him. If everyone does what he does, the Rhine River can be divided into trickles.

In Britain, in addition to land routes, water routes are also within the scope of the "King's Road" and must abide by the rules of the "King's Tranquility".

Pomona has not yet looked into the question of why all swans in rivers in Britain are now queens.

Anyway, according to the Supreme Court, Arnold did not sign a deed or contract with anyone to raise the issue of the use and income of the water flow. If the procedure was fair, Arnold would not be able to get away with it.

Prussia did not have a constitutional monarchy. The king not only intervened in the entire case, but also prevented the verdict and changed the outcome, even if the outcome was not the death penalty.

There was nothing wrong with a lord's wife asking the steward about grouse and rent, but Severus had just been talking about the Queen.

He's crazy? Or is his mind controlled by the "Dark Lord" of the Gaunt family?

If he goes to the palace like this, he may not get a "habeas corpus", but will be thrown directly into prison. Unlike children born in the wizarding world, he has birth and enrollment records in the Muggle world. In theory, he can graduate from elementary school. Dropped out of school.

He still has a criminal record and is really "perfect". How could such a person join the Secret Service and serve as an aide? He is not an active Royal Airman.

"Are you done reading?" Severus said with a smile that made Pomona want to punch him.

 Actually, what she just said was wrong. Others thought she was compassionate, not kind. Kindness is not the same as compassion.

So she smiled too.

 “Think of another way, Severus, don’t be crazy, you will never get into the palace.”

 “What are we betting on?” He was not angry, but asked provocatively.

 Seeing his confident attitude, Pomona felt guilty.

 “I don’t gamble!” she said seriously.

 He bent down and brought his face close to hers, his black eyes carefully discerning her expression.

 “Coward,” he said after a moment.

 Whatever, she thought with self-loathing, not to mention he was right.

 “Why don’t you speak?” he asked again.

 “What did you say?” she asked.

 In the end, he got angry.

“You think I’m going to quibble?” Pomona asked. “That I’m not a coward?”

 “Isn’t that what normal people do?” he hissed.

“That’s what you think is normal.” Pomona sneered. “Didn’t you say I was a weirdo when you were a kid?”

 He looked at her silently, as if he was re-examining her.

Pomona scratched her hair. Was it courage, shamelessness, or too honest to admit that she was timid?

 (End of this chapter)